Transcript The Road to Gettysburg

Class Notes 17.3b (NB p. 27)
Describe significant events and outcomes of each
of the following.
1. Battle of Fredericksburg –
2. Battle of Chancellorsville –
3. Battle of Gettysburg –
Skip three
4. Pickett's Charge –
lines between
each event.
5. Siege of Vicksburg –
6. Sherman’s March –
7. Grant and Lee at Petersburg –
8. Lee and Grant meet at Appomattox –
CHAPTER 17: THE TIDE OF WAR
TURNS
Section 3: The North Wins
Today we will
trace the war
from Gettysburg
to Appomattox.
Vocabulary
• inaugural address – speech given by a
newly-elected president
• platform – statement of what a political
party stands for
• malice – hatred or hard feelings
Check for Understanding
• What are going to do today?
• Who gives an inaugural address?
• Why doesn’t Mr. Thomas feel malice
toward you?
What We Already Know
Lee’s defeat at Gettysburg made Confederate
hopes for victory seem unlikely.
What We Already Know
Before Vicksburg fell in
July 1863, nearly all the
major battles of the Civil
War had been fought in
Virginia or Tennessee,
leaving the Deep South
untouched by war.
What We Already Know
Because of his
successes in the
Western Theater,
especially at the Siege
of Vicksburg, Ulysses S.
Grant was appointed
commander of the
Union armies by
President Lincoln.
Sherman’s Total War
• September 1864 –
Sherman took Atlanta,
then set out on a march to
the sea, cutting a path of
destruction up to 60 miles
wide and 300 miles long
through Georgia.
• Total war: not only against
enemy troops, but against
everything that supports
the enemy
Sherman’s Total War
His troops tore up rail lines,
destroyed crops, and burned
and looted towns.
Despite a desperate defense led by
Confederate general Joe Johnston, the city
of Atlanta finally fell to Sherman’s siege.
Sherman’s triumph in Atlanta
would be especially important
for President Lincoln.
Get your whiteboards
and markers ready!
Who was William Tecumseh
Sherman?
A. Confederate general
B. Led troops on the
“March to the Sea”
C. Replaced Grant after
Vicksburg
D. Captured Atlanta
E. Waged total war
against civilians
Choose all that
describe Sherman!
37. How did General William T.
Sherman wage total war against the
South during his March to the Sea?
Choose all that are true!
37. How did General William T.
Sherman wage total war against the
South during his March to the Sea?
A. His men lived off the land, taking anything they
wanted from Confederate civilians' homes.
B. He burned farms and towns, and destroyed
Southern railroads wherever he went.
C. He laid siege to Petersburg, but failed to take it.
D. He captured cities like Atlanta and Savannah.
E. He set up new governments in defeated
Confederate cities.
Choose all that are true!
Lincoln’s Re-election
• In 1864, the president was running for
reelection, but many Northerners were
tired of war.
• Democrats nominated George McClellan,
who ran on an antiwar platform.
Lincoln’s Re-election
• Because of Sherman’s
successful march
through the South,
Northerners could
sense a Union victory
could become a reality.
• Lincoln won with 55
percent of the popular
vote in the November
election.
Lincoln’s Second Inaugural
Address
Lincoln hoped for a
speedy end to the
war, and in his
speech, he spoke of
his desire for the
nation to make it
easier for the South to
surrender and return
to the Union.
Lincoln’s Second Inaugural
Address
“With malice towards
none; with charity for all; .
. . let us strive on to finish
the work we are in; to
bind up the nation’s
wounds; . . . to do all
which may achieve and
cherish a just, and a
lasting peace.”
Get your whiteboards
and markers ready!
38. Why were Sherman’s
victories important for Lincoln?
38. Why were Sherman’s
victories important for Lincoln?
A. They ended Lee's second invasion of
the North.
B. They ended Southern hopes of
European diplomatic recognition and
foreign aid.
C. They proved that Sherman was the
general Lincoln needed.
D. They helped him win reelection in 1864.
39. In his Second Inaugural Address,
what message did Lincoln send about
the next task facing the nation?
39. In his Second Inaugural Address,
what message did Lincoln send about
the next task facing the nation?
A. He called on the nation to utterly destroy
the Southern economy.
B. He called on the nation to finish the war
and forgive the South for causing it.
C. He called on the nation to make the
Southern states pay for their decision to
secede.
D. He called on the nation to make all the
sacrifices necessary to win the war.
Grant’s Virginia Campaign
Since May
1864, Grant
and his
generals had
been fighting
battle after
battle, all the
while moving
south toward
Richmond.
Grant’s Virginia Campaign
• In the Battle of the
Wilderness (May,
1864) Union and
Confederate forces
fought in a tangle of
trees and brush so
thick that they could
barely see each other.
• Fire broke out during
the battle, and some
of the wounded
burned to death.
• Grant lost over 17,000
men, but pushed on.
Grant’s Virginia Campaign
Grant’s strategy involved pressing Lee without
letting up, forcing him to use up men and supplies.
At the Battle of Cold Harbor (June, 1864),
the union lost 7,000 casualties, most in the
first few minutes of battle.
Grant’s Virginia Campaign
• Grant’s forces continued to press on toward
Richmond, with Lee’s troops trying to retreat as
slowly as possible.
• But while Grant could always call for fresh
supplies and reinforcements, every skirmish
weakened Lee’s ability to continue fighting.
Petersburg (June, 1864)
• Unable to break through the rebel defenses,
the Union forces dug trenches and settled in
for a ten-month siege at Petersburg, outside
Richmond.
• With Grant tightening his noose around
Richmond, Lee pulled out eventually, and the
city fell on April 3, 1865.
Surrender at Appomattox
• Lee wanted to keep
fighting, but he knew
that his situation
was hopeless.
• He sent a message
to General Grant that
he was ready to
surrender.
Surrender at Appomattox
On April 9, 1865, Lee and
Grant met in the small
Virginia town of
Appomattox Court House
to arrange the surrender.
Surrender at Appomattox
• Grant offered generous terms of surrender.
• After giving up their arms, Lee’s men could return
home with their private possessions and horses.
Surrender at Appomattox
• Grant gave food to the Confederate soldiers.
• After four long years, the Civil War was
coming to a close.
Get your whiteboards
and markers ready!
40. How did Grant force Lee to
surrender?
40. How did Grant force Lee to
surrender?
A. He cut off all of Lee’s possible routes
of retreat from Antietam.
B. He surrounded Lee at Vicksburg.
C. He relentlessly attacked Lee's forces
without letting up.
D. He threatened to execute Confederate
prisoners of war.
41. How did Grant treat Confederate
soldiers after the surrender at
Appomattox Court House?
Choose all that are true!
41. How did Grant treat Confederate
soldiers after the surrender at
Appomattox Court House?
A. He held Confederate officers as
prisoners of war.
B. He provided the rebel troops with food.
C. He allowed Lee's men to keep their mules
and horses.
D. He let the Confederate troops return to
their homes.
E. He exchanged them for Union soldiers
captured by other Confederate forces.
Choose all that are true!