Transcript The Civil War part 3

The Civil War part 3
UNION VICTORIES
START TO PILE UP
• New Orleans was
captured by the
Union Navy in late
1862. This was a
huge loss for the
south as New
Orleans was the
south's most
important port.
VICKSBURG
• Grant captured Vicksburg, Mississippi after a long siege from
May 18 to July 4, 1863. With the capture of Vicksburg and New
Orleans, the Union now controlled the Mississippi River and
had divided the south into two parts.
• Abraham Lincoln was so impressed by Ulysses S. Grant he
gave him command of the entire Union Army. He would now go
East to take on Robert E. Lee.
Lee decided to invade the North to try and force
Lincoln to end the war.
Gettysburg
•The battle was fought in Gettysburg, Pennsylvania
and was the bloodiest battle ever fought on American
soil
Gettysburg lasted three
days. On the third day
Lee ordered George
Pickett and 15,000 men
to charge the middle of
the Union Lines.
“Pickett’s Charge” was
a disaster. Lee lost
7,000 men and had to
retreat back to Virginia.
• Gettysburg was a HUGE victory for the North!
• It is considered the turning point of the Civil War. After
this battle the North would relentlessly attack the
Confederacy.
George Pickett
Grant Invades
the South
• After Gettysburg,
Grant pushed south
to once again try and
capture Richmond.
Grant tried again and again to get around the right side
of Lee's army, destroy it, then move on Richmond and
end the war. Lee saw what he was trying to do and
managed to stop him. The struggle continued along a
hundred-mile line before the two armies settled in for a
siege at Petersburg, southeast of the Confederate
capital
Grant army suffered
tremendous losses in
the Battle of the
Wilderness,
Spotsylvania, and Cold
Harbor. But his
wounded soldiers were
quickly replaced by
railroad and he kept
attacking.
Every soldier Lee lost
was a solider that he
could not replace.
Trenches at Petersburg
William Tecumseh Sherman
• Grant gave his friend
Sherman the job of
taking Atlanta,
Georgia.
“March To The Sea”
After a tough fight to
capture Atlanta, Sherman
marched his men
southeast to the ocean
leaving a huge path of
destruction along the way,
finally taking Savannah,
Georgia on the coast.
Sherman used a “Total
War” strategy which
affected civilians as well
The End
Appomattox Courthouse
• Lee is forced from his
trenches in April of
1865 and flees west
with Grant in pursuit.
Grant catches Lee at
Appomattox
Courthouse in western
Virginia. Lee is forced
to surrender. The war
was coming to an end.
Gettysburg Address
Four score and seven years ago…
• -- that from these honored dead we take
increased devotion to that cause for which
they gave the last full measure of devotion
-- that we here highly resolve that these
dead shall not have died in vain -- that this
nation, under God, shall have a new birth
of freedom -- and that government of the
people, by the people, for the people, shall
not perish from the earth.
Abraham Lincoln’s Gettysburg Address
Lincoln Assassinated
• Five days after Lee’s surrender Abraham
Lincoln was shot by John Wilkes Booth on
April 14, 1865, while attending a play at
Ford’s Theatre in Washington D.C.
• .He died the next day.
The north mourned the loss of
Lincoln and a massive manhunt
began to hunt down his killer.
Booth was killed days later.
The Soldiers of the Civil War
• The Civil War lasted from April
1861 to May of 1865.
• 3 million men served in the
Union and Confederate Armies.
• Around 600,000 Americans
were killed and another 500,000
were wounded.
• Thousands of soldiers would live
the rest of their lives with the
scars of war. An example: In
1866 1/5 of the Mississippi state
budget went to prosthetic limbs.
Veterans of both armies shake
hands at a reunion at
Gettysburg
The U.S. Government during the war
• The Federal Government expanded during the
war. The Government started an income tax to
pay for the war, passed the Homestead Act
which gave free western lands to settlers if they
improved the land, and started the
Transcontinental Railroad which would connect
California to the east by rail.
• The 13th Amendment was passed that abolished
slavery.
• After the war it was followed by the 14th which
granted citizenship to ALL Americans and the
15th which gave ALL men the right to vote.
Colored Troops
• After the Emancipation Proclamation African
Americans were allowed to fight in the U.S.
Army for the Union. They did so in great
numbers and fought very well.
• Hispanic Americans fought too. Hundreds of
Mexican-Texans fought for Texas and the
Confederacy.
The Draft
• During the war the Union and
the Confederacy used a draft
(forced conscription into the
army) to get more soldiers.
• All men 18-35 had to serve
• Very unpopular
• In the South the rich could
avoid it if they owned 20 slaves
or hire someone to take their
place.
• In the North cash payments
were paid to volunteers so only
a small % were drafted.
Women roles in the War
• Most women had to stay home
and work the family farm while
the men fought in the war.
They also worked in factories
and did jobs that men had
done before.
• Thousands of women like
Dorothea Dix and Clara Barton
served as nurses and made a
world of difference for their
wounded soldiers. Barton
founded the Red Cross
Dix
Barton
Some women even secretly fought!
Union Strength and Weaknesses
Strengths
-Large population
-22 million
-Most Industry and
Manufacturing in the
North
-Technology advantage:
Telegraph and railroads
-Powerful Navy
-Lincoln was great
President
Weaknesses
-Had to attack and
conquer the large
south.
-Bad Generals
Confederate Strength and Weaknesses
Strengths
-Excellent Generals
-Homefield advantage.
They knew the land
and were motivated to
defend their homes
Weaknesses
-Small population
9 Million of whom 3.5
million were slaves
-Very small industrial
base
-Lacked technology,
few railroads
Consequences of the War
Causes of the War
-Slavery
-States Rights
-Economic differences
between north and
South
-Secession of the South
Effects of the War
-Abolition of Slavery
-Growth of Federal
Government
-Growth of industry
-Nation reunited