Transcript The Civil War

The Civil War
Ft. Sumter
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When Southern states seceded, they took over U.S. forts
within their borders
The U.S. troops who were stationed at Ft. Sumter in
Charleston, SC held on, but were running out of supplies
Lincoln told SC that he was sending supplies
The South attacked Ft. Sumter before the supplies got
there, forcing the troops to surrender and starting the
Civil War
Key Question: what was brilliant about Lincoln’s
strategy?
When the Union troops at Ft. Sumter
surrendered, Lincoln asked each state that
hadn’t yet seceded to send troops to put
down the rebellion
 Those Southern states who hadn’t yet
seceded now did (VA, NC, TN, AR)
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After Fort
Sumter
Virginia
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When VA joined the
Confederacy, two big things
happened:
– The confederacy moved their
capital to Richmond
– Robert E. Lee, who personally had
mixed feelings about slavery and
secession, decided to stick with his
home state
Pair up with anyone in the room and
list both sides’ advantages – use p204
(green), and/or 483-484 (red)
Union (U.S.A./North)
Confederacy (C.S.A./South)
(When you’ve finished the chart) Which side do
you think has the stronger advantages, and
WHY?
The Union’s Strategy
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General Winfield Scott developed the Anaconda
Plan, which had two parts
– The Union would use their navy to blockade Southern
ports so that the South could not trade with anybody
(strangling the South’s economy like a snake)
– The Union would gain control of the Mississippi River,
which would split the Confederacy in two
Anaconda Plan (cont’d)
The main problem
with this plan is that
it would take time to
work
 To address this
issue, the Union
proceeded with the
Anaconda Plan and
invaded VA to try
and capture the
Rebel capital
(Richmond)
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The Confederate Strategy
The Confederacy didn’t want to conquer
new territory; they simply wanted to be
independent
 If they could just keep on fighting,
eventually the Union might give up
 The South also stopped selling cotton to
Europe to try to get European countries to
ally with them
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New Tech: Minie Ball
Most common weapon for either side was
the rifled musket
 Minie Ball
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First Manassas/Bull Run (July
1861)
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Union troops
heading for
Richmond met rebel
troops at Manassas,
VA
Confederate troops
held their ground
until reinforcements
arrived, and then
the rebels forced the
Union to retreat
First Manassas/Bull Run (cont’d)
Thomas Jackson earned
the nickname “Stonewall
Jackson” in this battle
 OUTCOME: This gave
the South tremendous
encouragement, and
made the North realize
that they had
underestimated the
South
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New Technology: Ironclads
Warships
covered in iron
armor could
devastate older
ships
 The Union
could produce
these new
ships faster
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Ulysses S. Grant in the West
(Feb. 1862)
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U.S. Grant
was a very
aggressive
leader
Ulysses S. Grant in the West
(cont’d)
Using ironclads, Grant captured the Confederate
Ft. Henry and Ft. Donelson, which guarded the
Mississippi River system
 OUTCOME: The Union could use ironclads to
control the Cumberland River as far as Alabama
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Battle of Shiloh (April 1862)
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Grant clashed with A.S.
Johnston at Shiloh, TN
At the end of the first day,
both sides had lost many
men and neither had won
A.S. Johnston was killed in
battle
During the night, the
Union had fresh troops
brought in by boat
Battle of Shiloh (cont’d)
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With the reinforcements, Grant led an
attack at dawn and forced the South to
retreat
OUTCOME:
The two sides lost a total of 24,000 men
U.S. Grant became Abe Lincoln’s most
trusted general – “I can’t spare this man
– he fights.”
The Union pushed further into the South
The Fall of New
Orleans
(April 1862)
A Union fleet led by David Farragut sailed into
New Orleans and captured it
OUTCOME:
1. The Union now controlled the South’s largest city
2. The Union now controlled all but 125 miles of the
Mississippi River
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Robert E. Lee in the East (1862)
Jeb Stuart
George McClellan
brought Union
troops within miles
of Richmond
 Lee sent Jeb Stuart
to spy on the
Union troops and
then attacked
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Lee in the East (cont’d)
George McClellan
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The battle took a
week and was known
as the Seven Day’s
Battles
– The Union again was
stopped short of
Richmond
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Later, the
Confederates beat
McClellan & the
Union at
Manassas/Bull Run a
second time
Lee in the East (cont’d)
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1.
2.
3.
OUTCOMES:
The Union was pushed out of VA and
could not attack Richmond
Lincoln distrusts McClellan
The South gained confidence and thinks
that if they can win a battle in the North,
they would win the war
Right now, who is winning?
Take a moment to think about it
 Decide and have an answer ready – you
may be called on!
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Lee Goes On The Offensive
(Sept. 1862)
After driving the Union out of VA, Lee
thought that if he could win one major
victory on Union soil, Abe Lincoln would
call for peace
 Also, bringing the war to the North would
give Southern land a break for harvest
season
 A major rebel victory might convince
France and England to ally with the South
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Antietam (Sept. 1862)
A Rebel officer
mistakenly left a copy of
Lee’s battle plan at a
campsite in Maryland
 A Union soldier found the
plans and gave them to
McClellan
 Even though the Union
knew the rebel plans,
nobody gained any
ground in the battle
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Antietam (cont’d)
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Basically, there were 25,000 casualties
(both sides) and nobody gained anything
– This was the bloodiest day in American history
Lee, who lost over 1/3 of his troops,
retreated
 McClellan could have pursued and finished
off the rebel army, ending the war
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Antietam (cont’d)
OUTCOMES:
1. Both sides lost a ton of soldiers
2. The South lived to fight another day
3. Lincoln fired McClellan
4. Lincoln issued the Emancipation
Proclamation
The Emancipation Proclamation
P490-491 in your Green book
1. What are impacts of the Emancipation
Proclamation?
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The Emancipation Proclamation
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Was a chance for the
South to end the was
and keep their slaves –
but they didn’t take it
This freed all slaves in
Confederate territory
Very few slaves actually
got freedom instantly,
but as the war went on,
more and more slaves
escaped the South and
became free
Many ex-slaves joined
the Union army
It also makes the war
largely about slavery
New Technology: Repeating Rifles
Christopher Spencer invented his repeating rifle in
1860
 The North was able to buy these weapons from
factories
 The South could only use rifles that they captured, but
only until they ran out of captured ammo
 This gave the Union a considerable advantage
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Gettysburg (July 1863)
Lee learned of a supply of _______ in
Gettysburg, PA, and he decided to capture
the town
 The rebels captured the town, and Union
troops set up on a hilly area outside of
town
 90,000 Union troops fought 75,000
Confederate troops in the hills for 3 days
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Gettysburg (cont’d)
Neither side made much
progress until Lee ordered
General Pickett to directly
attack the middle of the
Union line
 The Union decimated
Pickett’s charge
 The South retreated, and
the Union again failed to
finish them off
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Gettysburg (cont’d)
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2.
OUTCOMES:
Lee, losing 1/3 of his army, retreated to
VA and never entered the North again
Lincoln makes the Gettysburg Address,
inspiring the United States as to what
they were fighting for
The Gettysburg Address
Turn to p524 in the Red Book
 You can do this right in your notes
1. What does Lincoln say that the nation is
founded in and dedicated to?
2. Many have died – on both sides – as a
result of this war. Does that make
Lincoln want to give up? Explain.
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Vicksburg was the last rebel fort on the Mississippi
River
 Grant had tried to attack it numerous times but failed,
and eventually decided to siege the city
 Siege
 After 1 ½ months, and on the day after the Union
victory at Gettysburg, the Southern troops at
Vicksburg surrendered
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Vicksburg
(1863)
Vicksburg (cont’d)
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OUTCOMES:
The Union now controlled the entire Mississippi
River, splitting the Confederacy in two
With two major victories in two days, the
Union morale – the mental and emotional
condition of a group – greatly increased
No European country thought the South would
win
Abe Lincoln promotes Grant to be commander
of the entire U.S. Army
The Trials of William T.
Sherman & Robert E. Lee
Tomorrow we are going to
put William T. Sherman on
trial: is he guilty of being a
war criminal?
 War crime – doing something
that is unusually cruel or
unfair, even for war
 You’ll be placed on the
prosecution or defense team
 Find evidence that you could
use for him being guilty or
innocent
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Tomorrow we are going
to put Robert E. Lee on
trial: is he guilty of
treason against the
United States?
 Treason – the crime of
betraying your country
 You’ll be placed on the
prosecution or defense
team
 Find evidence that you
could use for him being
guilty or innocent
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Trial Procedures
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Planning
– 10 minutes to organize your evidence
Prosecution states case (5 min or less)
 Defense states case (5 min or less)
 Prosecution gets to respond to defense (2
min or less)
 Defense gets to respond (2 min or less)
 Jury votes
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Sherman’s March to the Sea (18641865)
Grant ordered William T. Sherman
to attack the deep south
 Sherman led Union troops through
MS, AL, TN, GA, SC, & NC
 Sherman had the soldiers destroy
everything that supports the rebel
troops
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– They destroyed crops, tore up
railroads, and burned cities & towns
(including Atlanta)
Sherman’s March (cont’d)
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OUTCOMES:
Much of the South was left in ruins
The South’s morale reached a new low – many
Southerners just wanted the war to end
Lincoln won reelection
Sherman’s March – Think, Pair,
Share
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Sherman’s March to the Sea practiced what we
now call “Total War.” Was Sherman a villain or
hero? Think about:
1. It brought the enemy to its knees more quickly,
probably ending the war much quicker
2. It probably saved thousands of soldier’s lives
3. It severely hurt the relationship between the North
and the South
4. It left incredible damage in the South, causing
much poverty and hunger
5. It hurt civilians just as much, if not more, than
Southern soldiers and politicians
Grant in Virginia (1864-1865)
Grant chased Lee through VA, fighting
then resting, fighting then resting, always
getting closer to Richmond
 The South killed far more Union troops,
but Grant kept pushing
 Grant sieged Richmond for 10 months,
and finally, Lee retreated leaving
Richmond undefended
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Lee sent word to Grant that he was ready to
surrender, which he did at Appomattox Court House in
VA
 Union troops saluted Confederate troops as they
arrived
 Grant allowed them to keep all possessions but
weapons and Grant also gave them food
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Surrender at
Appomattox
(1865)
[Some of] The Costs of War
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Look at the charts on p521 & 523 (red book)
Create a one-sided Cause & effect map showing
effects of the Civil War
– There are not necessarily 5 effects; this is just an
example!
Civil War
Effects