Transcript Ch 10

Chapter 10
The Coming of the Civil War
1846-1861
Section One:
Sectional
Differences
Slavery
North
1.
Most northerners believed that all humans should have the right
to choose their own destiny and to follow God’s laws
2.
Uncle Tom’s Cabin (video)
 written by Harriet Beecher Stowe was about slave life
in the south.
 Portrayed evil, cruel slave master Simon Legree.
 Stowe had never been to the south or on a plantation.
 Northerners took this book as the truth and spurred
the abolitionist movement
Sectional Differences
Slavery Cont.
South
1. Many southerners were outraged by
Stowe’s book, claiming it was a false
portrayal of southern slave holders
2. Southerners argued that they took
better care of their slaves than the
northern industrialists owners did of
their workers
Sectional Differences
Transportation & Communication
North
 70% of all railroad track by 1860
 Telegraph lines were strung along
railroad tracks giving the north more
efficient communication
 By 1860 – 110,000 factories, produced
$1.6 billion worth of goods
Sectional Differences
Transportation & Communication
South
 Doubled and re-doubled the length of
track in the 1850s but still less developed
than north
 By 1860 – 20,000 factories, produced
$155 million worth of goods
 Only stats higher than north – more
slaves and produced more cotton
Section Two: The Mexican War
& Slavery Extension
 Manifest Destiny – obvious or
undeniable fate. By 1840s this was used
to overspread and to possess the whole
continent
 1845 – Texas was Annexed by the
United States
War with Mexico
 President Polk wanted to add Mexican
territory to the American southwest. He
sent 3,000 American troops to disputed
territory in Texas. Mexican troops
attacked the American troops giving the
President and Congress the excuse to
declare war on Mexico. Battles were
fought in Texas, California and in Mexico
Section Two
Treaty of Guadalupe Hidalgo – signed in 1848
after the American capture of Mexico City the
defeat of Santa Anna’s troops.
 Mexico gave up claim on Texas and set
US/Mexico boundary as Rio Grande River
 Mexico gave up claims on New Mexico and
California
 US paid Mexico $15 million
 US agreed to pay claims to US citizens against
Mexico ($3 million)
Section Two
 Gadsen Purchase – Purchase of present-day
Arizona and New Mexico for $10 million from
Mexico
 Question facing Congress – will slavery be
allowed in newly acquired territories? Decision
could sway the power in Congress to North or
South
 Wilmot Proviso – amendment forbidding
slavery in newly acquired territories.
Amendment didn’t pass
Section Three: New Political
Parties
 What to do about the slavery issue in the
new territories?
 Missouri Compromise of 1820 – any
state north of 36 30’ N latitude would be
free states. Still didn’t settle the issue of
new territories
Section Three
 1850 California requested statehood – slave or
free?
 Compromise of 1850-Proposed by Henry Clay
 California = free state
 People in New Mexico and Utah would decide the
slavery issue in those territories
 abolish the sale of slaves, but not slavery in
Washington, D.C.
 Implement Fugitive Slave Law – require all US
citizens to assist in the return of slaves who had
escaped and deny a jury trial to escaped slaves
Section Three
 John C. Calhoun, senator from South Carolina
 Vocally opposed this compromise
 Worried that the North was gaining control of
the Government with it’s growing population
and discriminating against the south
 Believed the southern states had the right to
leave the Union if that were necessary for their
own protection
Section Three
 Compromise of 1850 satisfied neither
side
 Fugitive Slave Act made matters worse
video
Section Three
 Kansas-Nebraska Act
 Supported Popular Sovereignty (letting the
people of the territory decide whether they
were to become free or slave state
 Creation of Republican Party
 Against extension of slavery, KansasNebraska Act, Fugitive Slave Act
Section Four: The System Fails
“Bleeding Kansas” 1856 video
 Free-soilers and proslavery organizations
clashed over the issue of slavery in territories
 John Brown – believed he was chosen by God
to end slavery.
 Killed five men in a proslavery community
 “Bleeding Sumner” – Rep. Sen. of Mass. spoke
in Congress condemning the proslavery
violence, specifically against Sen. Andrew
Butler of South Carolina.
 Butler’s nephew responded by beating Sumner with
a cane at his Senate desk
Section Four
Dred Scott v. Sandford
 Dred Scott and his wife had lived in
states where slavery was illegal,
therefore, they should be free
 U.S. Supreme Court decided against
Scott
Section Four
Dred Scot Decision cont.
 In this ruling the Justices stated:
 that slaves were not citizens and had no
right to sue in court
 Living in a free state or territory, even for
many years, did not free slaves
 Found Missouri Compromise
unconstitutional
 Slaves were property of their owners and
they could not be denied their property
without due process of law according to the
5th Amendment
Section Four
Lincoln-Douglas Debates
Campaigning for Senator of Illinois
 Stephen Douglas – “Little Giant”
 Believed African Americans were inferior to
white Americans
 Believed that white Americans had the
absolute right to choose society and
government
 Supported Popular Sovereignty
Section Four
Lincoln-Douglas Debates cont.
 Abraham Lincoln
 Self educated, grew up poor, self-taught
lawyer
 Believed that the majority should not have
the power to deny the minority their rights to
life, liberty and pursuit of happiness
 Debates centered around nation-wide
issues: Majority Rule, Minority Rights
Section Four
Lincoln-Douglas Debates cont.
 Lincoln gained a large following, but Douglas
won the Senatorial seat
 John Brown’s Raid video
 1859 attacked a federal arsenal at Harper’s Ferry,
Virginia
 Hoped to seize the weapons and give them to
enslaved people so they could rebel
 Colonel Robert E. Lee and troops killed ½ of
Brown’s men
 John Brown was sentenced to hang
Section 5
 Election of 1860
 Democratic party split on the issue of slavery
in the territories
 Candidates:
 Southern Democrat – John C Breckinridge
 Northern Democrat – Stephen A Douglas
 Republican – Abraham Lincoln
 Constitutional Union – John Bell
 Many southern ballots excluded A. Lincoln
 Election proved the split between North and
South was beyond repair
Lower South Secedes
 Lincoln wins election without any
electoral votes from the south
 South felt they had lost their voice in
government. Felt that since they had
voluntarily joined the Union, they could
also choose to leave the Union
 Lower (deep) South – Tx, La, Miss, Al, Fl,
Ga, SC
Section 5 cont.
 December 20, 1860 SC officially leaves
the Union
 Six other states follow soon after
 Created new nation – Confederate States
of America (Confederacy)
 Jefferson Davis – President of
Confederacy
War Begins
 Numerous compromises fail
 Can the south leave the Union? Will the
new President use force? Slavery
question?
 March 4, 1861 – Lincoln’s Inaugural
Address – stated that it was his job to
preserve, protect and defend the Union
Fort Sumter
 Federal fort in South Carolina harbor
 Union ship sent to re-supply the fort
 Confederate soldiers under the command
of P.G.T. Beauregard fired upon the fort
demanding surrender
 April 12, 1861 Confederates opened fire
on the fort
 Fort Sumter surrenders 34 hours later
 video
Upper South Secedes
 Lincoln had no choice but to defend the
Union after shots were fired and asked
for volunteers to fight the seceding states
 Upper South secedes – Va, NC, Tn, Ar
 Division between North and South could
not be solved peacefully
 Could the Union be restored by force?