Transcript we here highly resolve that these dead shall not have died in vain

1861: The Country
Goes to War
Lincoln Elected President
November 6, 1860
Red – Lincoln
Yellow – Bell
Blue – Douglas
Green – Breckinridge
Purple – Non-Voting
Territories
Lincoln Elected President
In the 1860 presidential race,
four men ran for president.
Due to the choice of 4
candidates, Lincoln, carrying
the votes of the populous
North, won with 40% of the
total vote.
Southerners became very
fearful that the anti-slavery
Republicans would try to
change their way of life.
Excerpt, First Inaugural Address
Abraham Lincoln, President of the United States of America
In your hands, my dissatisfied fellowcountrymen, and not in mine, is the
momentous issue of civil war. The
Government will not assail you. You
can have no conflict without being
yourselves the aggressors. You have
no oath registered in heaven to
destroy the Government, while I shall
have the most solemn one to
‘preserve, protect, and defend it.’
Secession of South Carolina
December 20, 1860
• On December 20, 1860 South Carolina formally seceded from,
or left the Union.
• South Carolina based this action on the basis of states’ rights,
which they felt the new President, Abraham Lincoln, would
violate.
• Within the next six weeks, six other states voted to secede.
The Confederate States of America was established.
A President for the Confederacy
February 9, 1861
Jefferson Davis is chosen as the
President of the Confederate States
of America.
He will be elected that November.
The Union
Fort Sumter
April 12, 1861
• Located off the coast of
South Carolina, the
Confederacy claimed
ownership.
• They fired on the fort, to
force Union troops to
leave.
• Union forces left the
following day.
• The firing upon Fort
Sumter was the opening
engagement of the
American Civil War.
Secession
April & May, 1861
Anaconda Plan
Lieutenant General Winfield Scott’s plan to defeat the Confederacy
•Scott's Great Snake: Library of
Congress Geography and Map Division
• Strong defense of
Washington, D.C.
• Blockade the
Confederacy's Atlantic
and Gulf coasts
• Land and naval attack
along the Mississippi
River aimed at cutting the
Confederacy in two
Robert E. Lee
• Lived in Arlington,
Virginia
• Lincoln offered him
the command of the
Union Army on April
20, 1821
• When Virginia
seceded he accepted
the command of the
Confederate Army.
Fight for the Capitals
• Richmond and DC are only 100 miles
apart.
• The North fought many battles with the
idea of disabling the Confederate capital of
Richmond, VA.
• The Confederacy never directly attacked
DC, but several battles, such as First and
Second Manassas and Fort Stevens were
close.
First Manassas (Bull Run)
July 21, 1861
The first major land battle
of the American Civil War,
The Battle of First Manassas,
also known as Bull Run, was
fought just outside of
Washington D.C.
Battle of Antietam
• September 17, 1862
• The bloodiest single day
in American military
history (almost 23,000
killed)
• Ended in a draw, but the
Confederate retreat gave
Abraham Lincoln the
“victory” he desired
before issuing the
Emancipation
Proclamation.
Emancipation Proclamation
• President Abraham Lincoln issued the
Emancipation Proclamation on January 1, 1863
• declared "that all persons held as slaves" within
the rebellious states "are, and henceforward
shall be free."
• applied only to states that had seceded from the
Union, leaving slavery untouched in border
states
• The freedom it promised depended upon Union
military victory but it inspired free Blacks to join
the Union army
Battle of Vicksburg
• June 28, 1862
• Divided the South
• Gave the North
control of the
Mississippi River
• South could not get
supplies
Battle of Gettysburg
July 1-3, 1863
Turning point of the war
Union had high ground and won
General Lee tried to invade the North but
Union Army fought back and pushed him
out
• Over 50,000 killed or wounded
• Lee lost over 1/3 of his forces
•
•
•
•
Gettysburg Address
November 19, 1863
Four score and seven years ago our fathers brought forth on this continent a
new nation, conceived in liberty, and dedicated to the proposition
that all men are created equal. Now we are engaged in a great civil war,
testing whether that nation, or any nation, so conceived and so dedicated, can
long endure. We are met on a great battle-field of that war. We have come to
dedicate a portion of that field, as a final resting place for those who here gave
their lives that that nation might live. It is altogether fitting and proper that
we should do this.
But, in a larger sense, we can not dedicate, we can not consecrate, we can not
hallow this ground. The brave men, living and dead, who struggled here, have
consecrated it, far above our poor power to add or detract. The world will
little note, nor long remember what we say here, but it can never forget what
they did here. It is for us the living, rather, to be dedicated here to the
unfinished work which they who fought here have thus far so nobly advanced.
It is rather for us to be here dedicated to the great task remaining before us—
that from these honored dead we take increased devotion to that cause for
which they gave the last full measure of devotion—that we here highly
resolve that these dead shall not have died in vain—that this nation,
under God, shall have a new birth of freedom—and that government of the
people, by the people, for the people, shall not perish from the earth.
Appomattox Court House
• April 9th, 1865
• General Lee surrendered the Army of
Northern Virginia to General Grant
• South gives up weapons and is allowed to
return home
• Effectively ends the war
• Union is preserved
Results
• Friends/Family fought against each other
• South ran out of men, troops became younger, more
poorly equipped/clothed
• South was devastated at tend of war (burned major
cities: Richmond, Atlanta)
• Disease killed many people
• Foundation of Red Cross (Clara Barton)
• Women ran businesses and farms in North/plantations
in South
• Confederacy ended, Confederate money became
worthless