Transcript Civil War - Your History Site

The Civil War
Buchanan to Lincoln on Lincoln’s
Inauguration Day
After
Lincoln’s
southern
states began
to secede
from the
Why
wouldelection,
out going
President
Buchanan
express
Union, Buchanan was happy to leave this headache to Lincoln.
this sentiment to incoming President Lincoln?
CHOOSING SIDES
Border States: slave states that decided to remain in the
Union
War Begins!
November 6, 1860 Abraham Lincoln,
who had declared
"Government cannot
endure permanently
half slave, half free..."
is elected president
1st Republican gained
only 40 percent of the
popular vote
Dec 20, 1860 - South
Carolina secedes
from the Union.
Followed within two
months by
Mississippi, Florida,
Alabama, Georgia,
Louisiana and Texas.
Feb 9, 1861 - The
Confederate States
of America is
formed
Jefferson DavisPresident.
March 4, 1861 Abraham Lincoln is
sworn in as 16th
President of the
United States.
April 12, 1861 - At
4:30 a.m.
Confederates open
fire with 50 cannons
upon
Fort Sumter
in Charleston, South
Carolina.
The Civil War
begins.
Strengths & Weaknesses
UNION ADVANTAGES
– Union population more
than 2x that of the
South
– Strong
business/industry &
RR systems
– Superior political
leadership (Lincoln)
– Recognized as the
legitimate government
– Strong navy able to
blockade southern
ports & cut off
southern trade
CONFEDERATE ADVANTAGES
– Strategic position (easy to
defend/hard to attack)
– Better military training
(new how to shoot & ride)
– Skilled military leaders
(Robert E. Lee &
Stonewall Jackson)
– Morale/fighting spirit
higher among Southerners
as compared to
Northerners
Civil War Political Leadership
Many of the Union’s top Generals joined the Confederacy, Lincoln
lacked good military leaders, and it became necessary to change his
top generals until he found one that was dependable. (U.S. Grant)
Military Leadership
Strategies for Victory
The UNION/North
– Blockade southern
ports
Stop imports (war
materials)
Stop exports (cotton
trade)
– Control the
Mississippi River
Cut the Confederacy
in half
– Capture the
Southern CapitalRichmond, VA.
Plan became known
as “Anaconda Plan”
The Confederacy/South
– Stay defensive until
Northerners grow tired
of fighting
Force Lincoln to
recognize southern
independence
– Continue cotton trade
with Europe to secure
funds for war
Believed COTTON WAS
KING & that Europe would
support the South
Battle of Bull Run
July 21,1861 Union troops
set out to “crush” the
rebellion at Bull Run, VA.
Union officers believed that
Confederate forces would
turn & run
Many spectators turned out
to view the battle, believing
the Union would score a
quick victory
Confederate forces inspired
by Gen. Thomas
“Stonewall” Jackson
forced the Union Army into
an embarrassing
withdrawal
Battle of Bull Run
Examine this photo of Bull Run (taken after
the battle). What did the Battle of Bull Run
prove to both the Union & the Confederacy?
– That victory would not be easy & that the war would
be a long, difficult struggle for both sides
What does this photo grouping suggest about
the burden of the Presidency during wartime?
Civil War Major Battles: Antietam September 17, 1862
Lee marched his troops into
Antietam, Maryland
– He believed a southern
victory in the north would
crush northern morale
Union soldiers captured a
Confederate messenger &
informed the Union army of
Lee’s plans
23,000 soldiers were
killed/wounded
There was no clear winner,
but the Union was able to
claim victory because Lee
withdrew his forces
Lincoln was angered by
Gen. McClellan’s failure to
pursue and crush the
southern forces, he
replaced McClellan with
Gen. Burnside.
Civil War Major Battles: CONFEDERATE VICTORIES
Fredericksburg, VA
Chancellorsville,
VA
– Union
May, 1863
forces
Leeset
& out
for Richmond
Stonewall
Jackson
in an
attempt tothe
outwitted
capture
Unionthe
southern
Army
again
capital
– Confederate forces
soldiers
were able
dug in
toto
defeat
a
the
defensive
much
larger
position,
Union and
were able to mow
Army
the Union
forces.
– down
Stonewall
Jackson
was
– accidentally
Fredericksburg
shotwas
and
one ofby
killed
the
hisUnion’s
own forces
defeats
– worst
Jackson’s
death hurt
the South’s military
leadership
How did the UNION turn the tide of the Civil War?
Grant
forced the
south to
Gen. Sherman
captured
surrender
Vicksburg,
Gen
Grant’s
victory
at
Atlanta
&atburned
it! Shiloh
Hethe
Union
secured
total
control
of
secured
control
of both
marched
his
troops
to
theends
sea
the
Mississippi
& cut
the
of the
Mississippi
River,
(Atlantic)
and destroyed
The Union’s
of
Confederacy
inuseful
halfwere
southern
supply
lines
Theblockade
Union
Victory
at to
everything
that was
southern
ports cut
off the
damaged
Gettysburg
was
the
turning
(during
the siege
of
Vicksburg,
starved
the
south
(farms,
industry)
South’s
trade,
hurt
the
southern
forces
were
forced
eat the
mules
point
of the
war.
It to
was
southern
economy
& the to strike at
rats!)
South’s
last &
attempt
south’s ability
toforces
wage war
Union
up north.
Lincoln at Gettysburg
Four score and seven years ago our fathers brought forth on this
continent, a new nation, conceived in Liberty, and dedicated to the
proposition that all men are created equal.
Now we are engaged in a great civil war, testing whether that nation, or
any nation so conceived and so dedicated, can long endure. We are met
on a great battle-field of that war. We have come to dedicate a portion of
that field, as a final resting place for those who here gave their lives that
that nation might live. It is altogether fitting and proper that we should
do this.
But, in a larger sense, we can not dedicate -- we can not consecrate -we can not hallow -- this ground. The brave men, living and dead, who
struggled here, have consecrated it, far above our poor power to add or
detract. The world will little note, nor long remember what we say here,
but it can never forget what they did here. It is for us the living, rather, to
be dedicated
hereLincoln’s
to the unfinished
which they who fought here
What was
duelwork
purpose?
have thus far so nobly advanced. It is rather for us to be here dedicated
to the1.
great
task remaining
before usfor
-- that
fromWar
thesedead
honored dead we
Dedicate
a cemetery
Civil
take increased devotion to that cause for which they gave the last full
measure
of devotion
we here
highly resolve
thattask
these&dead shall
2. Inspire
the-- that
nation
to complete
the
not have died in vain -- that this nation, under God, shall have a new
win the war, so that the dead would not
birth of freedom -- and that government of the people, by the people, for
havethe
died
in vain
people,
shall not perish from the earth.
The War Ends: Union Victory
•The effects of the Union’s total war eventually led to the capture of
Richmond
•Lee surrendered to Grant at the Appomattox Courthouse on
April 9, 1865
Conclusion
How did the UNION turn the tide of the Civil
War?
Completion of the “Anaconda Plan”
– Blockade of Southern ports ruined the south’s economy
– Union control of the Mississippi river cut off the
Confederate communication & supply lines
– Captured southern capital, Richmond VA
The Union Waged TOTAL WAR
– The Union destroyed all food & equipment that the
enemy needed, causing the same hardships for both
soldiers & civilians
Civil War: Issues, Events & Effects
Draft Riots
Effects
Battle
of the Ironclads
•As the war dragged on,
•More
than Ironclad
360,000
Emancipation
Proclamation
•The
Union
ship
public support in
the North
Union Soldiers
were
(Monitor),
battled
droppedissued the the
•Lincoln
killed
Confederate
Ironclad
proclamation
to
free the
slaves
•Many
rioted
against
the
ship
(Merrimack)
to a war
•More
than
250,000
living in the Confederacy
draw
(neither
were
badly
Confederate
solders
•Many
protested
& rioted
•As
a result,
the Union
damaged)
were
killed
against
the drafting
of was
fighting
the war to free the
soldiers
•Ironclad
ships
forever
•Bitterness
remained
slaves as well as save the
changed
naval
warfare
between
the regions
•The
law allowed
a man to
Union
pay the
government
$300 to
•Wooden
ships
•The
struggle
for
avoidbecame
militaryoutdated
service
equality for the freed
slaves
began
•Some
began
to see the
conflict as a rich man’s war
& a poor man’s fight
Civil War: Reviewing the main themes