Transcript Academic Content Standards

As The Years Go By …
It was
73 and
Years
from
“Four score
seven years
ago our fathers brought forth
on this continent a new nation, conceived in liberty, and
Constitutional
Convention
dedicated to the proposition
that all men are created equal.”
in
1787
disunion
in
1860
November to
19, 1863
Gettysburg Address
Lincoln referring to the
“Before the war, in speaking about our
fact that it had been 87
years since the Declaration of
country,
we said, "The United States
Independence
are" — plural. We saw ourselves as a
It’s been
146 years since
the Civilof
union,
a stitched-together
collection
War…and
yet,thing.
the Civil
War
still
states,
a "many"
After
theis
war…”
Shelby Foote
the defining moment in our
national history.
Hold on to me Abe, and we’ll go in here
I of
want
women’s
rights
I want
enforced
hotel and
man of by government
Ithe
want
everybody
toahave
aestablished
share
by the unanimous consent
people
“Da white
man
Hab no
rights
datthat
cullad
Now my friends
I’mreligion
almost
in
and
the
reduced
in subjection
where
to
her
people
authority.
aint inclined to work can
everybody
property
Iwant
abolished
andelse’s
the
book
of
I
want
all
the
housed burned up and
pussums
bouond
to
spect”
datstation
millennium isMormon
going to
begin the
soam
ask
what you
free Iofwant
expense
and be found in rum
made
standard
of board
morality.
the M.P.s killed so that the bohoys can run
will and
it shall be
understood.
and tobacco.
I represent
thegranted.
free
love element, and expect
to
with the machine and …..
have free license to carry out its principles.
How the South Saw
the Election of 1860
Oh! What a beautiful man he is. I feel a
“passional attraction” every time I see his
lovely face.
To the South, the North had
become radicalized and was
moving the country in a direction
they did not wish to go!
The day after Fort Sumter fell, Lincoln called
for 75,000 volunteers to suppress the
southern rebellion and save the Union. Tens
of thousands of men eagerly responded,
enlisting for ninety days, the amount of
time most people thought the war would last.
http://www.civilwar.com/components/index.php?option=com_battlemap
The Civil War was fought in 10,000 places, from
Valverde, New Mexico, and Tullahoma,
Tennessee, to St. Albans, Vermont (slide 6), and
Fernandina on the Florida coast. More than 3
million Americans fought in it, and over
600,000 men, 2 percent of the population, died
in it.
When war broke out, Ballou immediately left what
appeared to be a promising political career and
volunteered for military service with the 2nd Rhode
Island Infantry. Ballou and 93 of his men were mortally
wounded at Bull Run. In an attempt to better direct his
men, Ballou took a horse mounted position in front of
his regiment, when a 6-pounder solid shot from
 July
14,1861
Confederate
artillery
tore off his right leg and
simultaneously
killed Clark,
his horse.Washington
The badly injured Major
Camp
DC
was then carried off the field and the remainder of his leg
was amputated.
Ballou
died from his wound a week after
 Dear
Sarah:
that Union defeat and was buried in the yard of nearby
Sudley Church.
Ballou was are
killed very
a weekstrong
after
 TheSullivan
indications
Sullivan Ballou
that we
this letter was written.
shall move in a few days - perhaps
tomorrow. And lest I should not be able to
write you again I feel impelled to write a
few lines that may fall under your eye
when I am no more.
I have no misgivings…
PAGE 37
Killed in Battle.
S. B. Campbell, co. G, Mercer, saved.
A. Hanna, co. D, Beaver, missing.
Mr. Robert Pearson, of this county, was shot in the head at the battle of Pittsburg Landing, and killed instantly. We
believe he was raised by Mr. G. W. Crawford.I.ItTrunk,
may be
by some of the readers of the Journal, that he was
co.remembered
D, Beaver, missing.
kicked some years ago by a horse on the head, and that a portion of the skull bone which was fractured was extracted by
R.given
Culbertson,
co. D,ofBeaver,
missing.
Dr. Leasure, and thus his life was saved to be
in defence
his country.
He was a brother to George Greene
Pearson, of Shenango township.
J. M. Mather, co. D, Beaver, saved.
Making the War Especially Painful
W. Davidson, co. D, Butler, saved.
COLLISION ON THE POTOMAC.
W. Harlan, co. E, Butler, saved.
We regret to state that on the night of the 13th inst.,
Ragged
on the Potomac,
Thos.offHanna,
co.Point,
E, Lawrence,
saved. a collision took place between the
steamers Peabody and West Point, involving a loss of seventy-three lives. – The West Point was bound to that place from Newport
Alex.About
Hanna,
E, Lawrence,
saved.
News, with convalescent troops of Burnside’s army.
279co.
souls
were aboard.
The West Point sank in about ten minutes after
collision in four fathoms of water (24 feet.) The following named persons belonging to the Roundhead regiment met with a watery
J. Palmer,
co. Warren,
B, Mercer,
saved.
grave. Thos. M’Keever, Samuel Witherow, JohnA.
Mellon,
Charles
John
Jones, Isaac Trump, Andrew Hannah, Robert
Culbertson, Franklin Pinkerton, Josiah O. Goliver.
We can sympathize
with the
friends of those who have lost relatives in this
P. Stafford,
co. B, Lawrence,
saved.
section.
P. Wagoner, co. B, Lawrence, saved.
J. T. Clark, co. B, Lawrence, saved.
The following are the names of those saved of the 100 th Regiment, who were on board, principally from Western Pennsylvania.
They were nearly all convalescent patients, whoC.
have
Zeuke,
beenco.
placed
I, Lawrence,
in the convalescent
saved.
hospital at Fairfax Seminary:
R. M. Thomas, co. M, Lawrence, saved.
Caezar Gorlatt, co. G, Susquehanna, saved.
W. Campbell, co. H, Washington, saved.
R. N. Glenn, co. E, Butler, saved.
T. N. Miles, co. C, Lawrence, saved.
Michael Lape, so. M, Westmoreland, saved.
J. Jones, co. H, Lawrence, saved.
H. Fieldgrove, co. F, Lawrence, saved.
A. M. M’Gee, co. G, Mercer, saved.
S. Alton, co M, Allegheny, saved.
E. N. Watson, co. H, Luzerne, saved.
F. Raw, co. A. Washington, saved.
The Civil War
Like lithography, stereography was of great importance in the mass production
and distribution of images in the nineteenth century. The technique dates to
the 1830s, but popular interest in the stereograph took off with improvements
in photography and the development in Britain of a simple and easy-to-use
viewer, which caught Queen Victoria's eye and the attention of the world
when it was displayed at the 1851 London Crystal Palace. The growth of the
industry from that point was nothing short of phenomenal.
During the American Civil War for the first time the general public
could see the war.
In factview
they without
could even
see the war in 3D via a
Cross-eye
a steroscope
photographic technology known as STEREOPTICON
Chapter 16 The Civil War
Twenty Confederate soldiers attacked the village of St. Albans, Vermont on
October
 19, 1864. The raiders robbed three banks of more than $200,000,
killed one citizen and wounded two others, stole a number of horses, and tried
unsuccessfully to burn down the town. The Confederates, with Vermonters in
close pursuit, escaped across the Canadian border. Eventually several were
captured and arrested by Canadians. the Southerners were initially freed on a
legal technicality and sent the stolen money south before they were
rearrested. Canada, a British colony, further angered the United States when
its courts refused to extradite the raiders and eventually released them. This
incident weakened the already strained relationship between America and
Great Britain, resulting from the latter’s continuing sympathies for the
Confederacy.
Did You Know?
The Civil War was fought
in 10,000 places.
Confederates moved far
into Northern territory
during the Civil War. In
fact, the northernmost
United States city to be
attacked by the
Confederacy was Saint
Albans, Vermont, where
Confederates robbed a
bank
8
CIVIL WAR MEDICINE
WALTER H. KEARNEY, M.D.
OVERALL STATISTICS
36.
Amputation
Being
Performed in
a
MEN
IN UNIFORM Crew
DIED
KIA/DOW Removal
DIED OF DISEASE
DIED OTHER
Zouave
Ambulance
Demonstrating
of
- Gettysburg,
1863
USA 2,326,000. Hospital
360,000 Tent
110,000
199,000 PA, July
49,000
Wounded
Soldiers
From
the
Field
–
Location
Unknown
CSA 900,000
244,000
94,000
150,000
Death from disease 1.7 times death from battle injuries
(Black soldiers 9 times)
30,000 POW on each side died
Total deaths = 2% of the population (over 6 million today)
Total deaths = deaths in Revolutionary War + War of 1812 + War with Mexico ÷
S*lI + WWII + Korean War
Civil War Era Medicine:
Chance of death for soldier as compared to civilian men of the same
age:
or… “Why We Lost so
Many Young Men”
Dysentery
Pneumonia
Malaria
Scurvy
20X
6X
5X
Infinite
245,000 men discharged for disability during the war:
Illness
Wounds
Preexisting Conditions
Unspecified
63%
22%
2%
13%
The Civil War Field Hospital at the Battle of Savage
Station --Henrico County, Virginia, as fourth of the Seven Days Battles
9
Scurvy YOU SAY!
WOUNDS
408,000
Total =
stab wounds
Artillery
Gunshot
Rifled Musket
Smooth Bore
Pistol
11%
11%
Embalming a Deceased
Union Soldier in the Civil War
SITE 0F WOUND
Head
Chest
Abdomen
Extremities
78%
84%
13%
3%
% OF TOTAL
5
8
3
84
DEATH. RATE
63
65
81
10
Total of 174,000 with 10% mortality
(Mortality 6.5% if arm, 13.8% if leg)
Therapy
No Surgery
Minor Surgery
Amputation
80%
3%
17%
29,980
26% Died
ANESTHESIA
80,000 Cases
Chloroform 75%
Ether
15%
Both
10%
2% Death Rate using anesthesia
Civil War
WWII
Korea
Viet Nam
USA
CSA
14%
18%.
5%
2%
0.5%
11
The Top 10 Costliest Battles of the Civil War
Based on total casualties (killed, wounded, missing, and captured)
#1
Battle of Gettysburg
(all battles are hyperlinked to additional maps, info and other resources)
Date: July 1-3, 1863
Location: Pennsylvania
Confederate Commander: Robert E. Lee
Union Commander: George G. Meade
Confederate Forces Engaged: 75,000
Union Forces Engaged: 82,289
Winner: Union
Casualties: 51,112 (23,049 Union and 28,063 Confederate)
#2
Battle of Chickamauga
Date: September 19-20, 1863
Location: Georgia
Confederate Commander: Braxton Bragg
Union Commander: William Rosecrans
Confederate Forces Engaged: 66,326
Union Forces Engaged: 58,222
Winner: Confederacy
Casualties: 34,624 (16,170 Union and 18,454 Confederate)
The Ten Costliest Battles of the Civil War
#3
Battle of Chancellorsville
Date: May 1-4, 1863
Location: Virginia
Confederate Commander: Robert E. Lee
Union Commander: Joseph Hooker
Confederate Forces Engaged: 60,892
Union Forces Engaged: 133,868
Winner: Confederacy
Casualties: 30,099 (17,278 Union and 12,821 Confederate)
#4
Battle of Spotsylvania
Date: May 8-19, 1864
Location: Virginia
Confederate Commander: Robert E. Lee
Union Commander: Ulysses S. Grant
Confederate Forces Engaged: 50,000
Union Forces Engaged: 83,000
Winner: Confederacy
Casualties:
27,399 (18,399 Union and 9)000 Confederate)
The Ten Costliest Battles of the Civil War
Based on total casualties (killed, wounded, missing, and captured)
#5
Battle of Antietam
Date: September 17, 1862
Location: Maryland
Confederate Commander: Robert E. Lee
Union Commander: George B. McClellan
Confederate Forces Engaged: 51,844
Union Forces Engaged: 75,316
Winner: Inconclusive (Strategic Union Victory)
Casualties: 26,134 (12,410 Union and 13,724 Confederate)
#6
Battle of The Wilderness
Date: May 5-7, 1864
Location: Virginia
Confederate Commander: Robert E. Lee
Union Commander: Ulysses S. Grant
Confederate Forces Engaged: 61,025
Union Forces Engaged: 101,895
Winner: Inconclusive
Casualties: 25,416 (17,666 Union and 7,750 Confederate)
The Ten Costliest Battles of the Civil War
Based on total casualties (killed, wounded, missing, and captured)
#7
Battle of Second Manassas
Date: August 29-30, 1862
Location: Virginia
Confederate Commander: Robert E. Lee
Union Commander: John Pope
Confederate Forces Engaged: 48,527
Union Forces Engaged: 75,696
Winner: Confederacy
Casualties: 25,251 (16,054 Union and 9,197 Confederate)
#8
Battle of Stone's River
Date: December 31, 1862
Location: Tennessee
Confederate Commander: Braxton Bragg
Union Commander: William S. Rosecrans
Confederate Forces Engaged: 37,739
Union Forces Engaged: 41,400
Winner: Union
Casualties:
24,645 (12,906 Union and 11,739 Confederate)
The Ten Costliest Battles of the Civil War
Based on total casualties (killed, wounded, missing, and captured)
#9
Battle of Shiloh
Date: April 6-7, 1862
Although it doesn’t make the top 10-- think of this…on June 1, 1864
Location: Tennessee
at The Battle of Cold Harbor.
Confederate Commander: Albert Sidney Johnston/ P. G. T. Beauregard
Union Commander: Ulysses S. Grant
Confederate Forces Engaged: 40,335
Union Forces Engaged: 62,682
Winner: Union
Grant attacked Confederate forces at Cold
Harbor, Virginia,, losing over 7,000 men in
twenty
minutes
. Although Lee suffered fewer casualties, his
Casualties: 23,741 (13,047 Union and 10,694 Confederate)
army never recovered from Grant's continual attacks. This was Lee's last
#10
clear victory of the war.
Battle of Fort Donelson
Date: February 13-16, 1862
Location: Tennessee
Confederate Commander: John B. Floyd/Simon B. Buckner
Union Commander: Ulysses S. Grant
Confederate Forces Engaged: 21,000
Union Forces Engaged: 27,000
Winner: Union
Casualties:
19,455 (2,832 Union and 16,623 Confederate)
http://www.civilwarhome.com/Battles.htm
The First Modern War
“The Civil War was the first of the world’s really modern
wars.” Wrote the historian Bruce Catton. The weapons of
this conflict were forerunners of today’s standard military
equipment. And the Ways in which they were used
foreshadowed modern techniques of warfare.
The basic weapon for the infantry, both Union and
Confederate, was the single-shot, rifled musket. Because
of its rifled (grooved) barrel, it had a range and accuracy
two to three times greater than earlier, smoothbore guns.
Troops could now engage in deadly fire from distances of
a quarter to a half-mile range. Trench warfare came into
being as close-range or hand-to-hand combat was no
longer inevitable.
The First Modern War (cont.)
The Minié ball produced terrible wounds on those struck in battle. The largecaliber rounds easily shattered bones, and in many cases the attending
surgeon simply amputated the limb rather than risk a typically fatal secondary
infection. The American Civil War, which often had many thousands of
infantrymen armed with this type of ammunition, resulted in mass casualties
on a scale which was inconceivable to contemporary strategists.
What did this mean for military tactics? The old time massive
assaults, with soldiers elbow to elbow rushing forward toward the
enemy became an invitation to slaughter. (Yet generals on both sides
continued to demand this classic maneuver in spite of heavy human
losses.)
The increased
firepower
of anti-personnel
the infantry threatened both
Case
(or "spherical
case" for smoothbores)
were
artillery and
cavalry.
bank
of than
cannon
could
no to
longer
offer solid
projectiles
carrying
a smallerA
burst
charge
shell, but
designed
be
defense
when
enemy
riflemen.
more
effective
againstout-ranged
exposed troops.by
While
shell produced
only aAnd
few the dash of a
large
fragments,
case was
loaded with
leadvainglory
or iron balls when
and wasriders
designedcould easily be
cavalry
charge
became
mere
Sharps military
rifle
to burst above and before
enemy line,
showering down many more
picked off, one by the
one,
from afar..
Sharps Carbine
small but destructive projectiles on the enemy. The effect was analogous
usedand
by both cavalries
to a weaker version of canister. With case the lethality of the balls
Breechloading
improvements
on theitself—the
cumbersome muzzlefragments
came from rifles,
the velocity
of the bursting projectile
small
burst charge
only fragmented
the case
andintroduced
dispersed the shrapnel.
loaders,
and repeating
rifles
were
during the Civil War.
The spherical case used in a 12-pounder Napoleon contained 78 balls. The
Other innovations included rifled cannon and a form of machine gun.
name shrapnel derives from its inventor, Henry Shrapnel.
The Civil War marked the beginning of a new era in naval warfare,
symbolized by the first battle between ironclad ships, the Monitor
USS Alligator
and the Merrimack. Other experiments in naval warfare included
submarines--most were failures—and electrically controlled mines.
The First Modern War (cont.)
Transportation was modernized, with railroads used widely to
move troops and supplies. The telegraph changed wartime
communications. Union armies sent an estimated 6 million
telegrams over 15,000 miles of wire set up by the Signal Corps.
The most spectacular railroad supply system was that maintained
for Sherman during his siege of Atlanta: 1,600 tons of supplies
arrived daily in 18 trains from Union depots northwest of the city.
The Civil War was a modern war in the important sense that it
required a break with traditional military thinking in order to
achieve victory. Most Civil War generals on both sides regarded
cities and territories—not enemy armies—as their objectives.
They hoped to win by maneuvering rather than by fighting. By
contrast, Lincoln’s overall strategy was to move on all fronts
simultaneously in order to crush the enemy’s forces and gain
control of his resources. This warfare of annihilation was a plan
that tradition-bound generals scorned. Only in Grant and
Sherman did Lincoln find generals who would employ his strategy
successfully. They were willing to break the rules, to play, and
win, a new and deadly game.
I.
Choosing Sides (Pages 460-462)
 Seven states left the Union and formed the





Confederacy in February 1861. After Sumter, Lincoln
issued a call for troops to save the Union. His action
caused Virginia, North Carolina, Tennessee and
Arkansas to join the Confederacy.
The border states of Missouri, Kentucky, Maryland, and
Delaware stayed in the Union but were divided over
which side to support
Missouri could control parts of the Mississippi River
and major routes west.
Kentucky controlled the Ohio River.
Delaware was close to the North's important city of
Philadelphia.
Maryland was very close to Richmond, the Confederate
capital and had important railroad lines, and had the
Union's capital of Washington, D.C., within its borders.
20
Continued
 In April a mob in Baltimore attacked Northern
troops.
 Lincoln had to be cautious in his response so as
not to upset the people of the border states and
especially Maryland.
 Most white Southerners supported secession,
but people in the Appalachian region of
Tennessee and Virginia opposed it. In 1861 48
counties of Virginia organized themselves as a
separate state called West Virginia. Congress
admitted it in 1863
21
II. Comparing North and South (Pages 462-463)
 Both sides had advantages and disadvantages. The








following were the North's advantages:
a larger population
more industry
more resources
a better banking system to help raise money
more ships (see USS Alligator (1862) video)
regular navy members who were mostly loyal to the Union
a larger and more efficient railway system
Abraham Lincoln's dedication, intelligence, skill, and
humanity
The following were the North's disadvantages:
 In order to bring the Southern states back in to the Union
it would have to invade and hold the South.
 Many people believed the South had a good chance of
winning.
22
"Ah! these are my brave Texans. I know you, and I know that you can and will
keep those people back!" they greeted him with even more than their accustomed
enthusiasm as they hurried to the front. But they were soon horrified to find that
their beloved Chief was going with them into the thickest of the fight. The men
The
following
were Lee!
theDoSouthern
advantages:
began
to shout:
"Go back, General
go back! General
Lee to the rear -General
Lee to the rear!"
A ragged
veteran
the the
ranks white
and seizedpopulation
his
 strong
support
for
thestepped
war from
from
horse's reins, and at last the whole brigade halted and exclaimed, with one voice,
"Wewill
troops
not advance
fighting
unless General
onLee
their
goes back,
ownbutland
if he will not expose
RESOURCES
OFdrive
THE the
UNION
AND THE May
CONFEDERACY
, 1861
himself, we pledge
ourselves to
enemy back.“
6th, 1864, in the Wilderness
II. Continued
 superior military leadership at first (General Robert E.
UNION
CONFEDERACY
Lee)
“General
Lee
to
the
Rear”
Jefferson Davis,
Population
23,000,000
8,700,00*
Real
and personalof
property
$11,000,000,000 was
$5,370,000,000
President
the Confederacy
a West Point
Banking Capital
$330,000,000
$27,000,000
graduate
Capital investment
$850,000,000
$95,000,000
Manufacturing establishments 1I0,000
18,000
The
following
were
the
South's
disadvantages:
Value of production (annual) $1,500,000,000
$155,000,000
workers
1,300,000
110,000
Industrial
smaller
population
Locomotives
451,000
19,000
mileage
22,000
9,000
Railroad
few factories
*Including
3,500,000 slaves
 fewer resources, including
an inferior
railroad system
with fewer than half the miles of track and fewer trains
than the North
 belief in states' right that limited a strong central
23
government's power
II. Continued







War goals were different. The North at first wanted to bring
the Southern states back into the Union and later wanted to
also end slavery.
The Union's plan had three parts:
Blockade Southern ports to prevent supplies from entering and
cotton from being exported.
Gain control of the Mississippi River to cut Southern supply
lines and to split the Confederacy.
Capture Richmond, the Confederate capital
The South's goal was to win recognition as an
independent nation so the South could preserve their
traditional way of life, including slavery. Its strategy
included the following:
holding on to as much territory as possible until the North
tired of fighting
having Britain and France pressure the North to end the
war
sometimes going on the attack by moving north to threaten
Washington, D.C., and other Northern cities.
III. American People at War (Pages
463-464)
 Soldiers came from all walks of
life although many came from
farms. (Billy Yank, Johnny Reb)
 The number of soldiers from the
North and South differed greatly.
 Both sides expected the war to
end quickly. Civil War Medicine
 Did You Know?

General William
Tecumseh Sherman was
Chapter 16, Section 2
once asked which was his worst
experience in battle during the
Civil War. Without hesitation, he
replied "Shiloh!
 . Finding Grant at the end of
the day sitting under an oak
tree in the darkness smoking a
cigar, he experienced, in his
own words "some wise and
sudden instinct not to mention
retreat". Instead, in what would
become one of the most
famous conversations of the
war, Sherman said simply:
"Well, Grant, we've had the
devil's own day, haven't we?"
After a puff of his cigar, Grant
replied calmly: "Yes. Lick 'em
tomorrow, though."
Sherman Quotes on War
 You people of the South don't know what you are doing. This






country will be drenched in blood, and God only knows how it will
end. It is all folly, madness, a crime against civilization! You people
speak so lightly of war; you don't know what you're talking about.
War is a terrible thing! – From a speech to Prof. David F. French at the
Louisiana State Seminary, Dec. 24, 1860
War is the remedy our enemies have chosen, and I say let us give
them all they want. I would make this war as severe as possible, and
show no symptoms of tiring till the South begs for mercy. This war
differs from other wars in this particular: We are not fighting armies
but a hostile people, and must make young and old, rich and poor,
feel the hard hand of war. You cannot qualify war in harsher terms
than I will. War is cruelty, and you cannot refine it; and those who
brought war into our country deserve all the curses and
maledictions a people can pour out. – From a letter to the City Council
of Atlanta, Sept. 12, 1864
Atlanta is ours, and fairly won. – From a telegram to President Lincoln
I can make this march, and I will make Georgia howl! – From a
telegram to General Grant
Hold the fort! I am coming! – Signal to Gen. John M. Corse at
Allatoona, Oct. 5, 1864
I beg to present you as a Christmas gift the city of Savannah. – From
a letter to President Lincoln
If you get blown up I don't care! – (To a Confederate Prisoner 1865)
More
 I regard the death and mangling of a couple thousand men as a




small affair, a kind of morning dash — and it may be well that we
become so hardened. – From a letter to his wife, July 1864
I think I understand what military fame is: to be killed on the
field of battle and have your name misspelled in the
newspapers.
Every attempt to make war easy and safe will result in
humiliation and defeat.
There is many a boy here today who looks on war as all glory,
but, boys, it is all hell. – From an address to the graduating
class of the Michigan Military Academy, June 19, 1879, known as
his "War is hell" speech
I confess, without shame, that I am sick and tired of fighting—its
glory is all moonshine; even success the most brilliant is over
dead and mangled bodies, with the anguish and lamentations of
distant families, appealing to me for sons, husbands, and
fathers ... it is only those who have never heard a shot, never
heard the shriek and groans of the wounded and lacerated ...
that cry aloud for more blood, more vengeance, more
desolation. (from a letter)
I.
First Battle
Bull Run
Interestingof
Stuff
Great Skedaddle
(PagesThe
466-467)
THOMAS J. "STONEWALL" JACKSON
 The first major battle of the Civil War was called
Jackson was seriously wounded by his own men as
thereturned
First Battle
ofbattlefield
Bull Run.
It was fought in
he
from the
at Chancellorville,
northern
near
a up
river
Virginia.
HisVirginia
left arm was
shot
andcalled
had to Bull
be Run.
amputated. The arm was spirited away by someone
and buried in a nondescript grave near the site of
 the
Thebattle.
Confederates
were
Union
Jackson was
takenvictorious.
to a safer place
to troops
Shotled
by his
own
pickets
at Chancellorville
on May 2, Confederate
1863 Jackson
by
Irvin
McDowell
attacked
but died
days on
later
taken
willrecuperate,
die of complications
fromeight
his surgery
Mayand
10thwas
. A few
forces
led to
bybehe
General
P.G.T.
Beauregard.
to
Lexington
buried.
the
arm
was A.P. HillNext,
moments
before he died
cried outIn
in 1929
his delirium,
"Order
exhumed,
placed
inthe
a under
small
box
(it front
had rapidly!
been
the Rebels
rallied
General
Thomas
to prepare
for action!
Pass
infantry
to the
Tell
wrapped
in cloth)
and reburied
the Ellwood
Major
Hawks"—then
stopped,
leaving
theat
sentence
unfinished.
"Stonewall"
Jackson's
reinforcement
troops and
Dan
Sickles's
leg,
along
with
a
cannonball
similar
toand
the one that
Family
Cemetery
near
Spotsylvania.
Presently
a
smile
spread
over
his
pale
face,
and
he
said
quietly,
counterattacked the Yankees. Then, the Union
shattered it, on display at the National Museum of Health and
with an expression, as if of relief, "Let us cross over the river, and rest
Medicine back
army
retreated
toa Washington,
D.C.,
first
in
[33] As
under
the shade
of
the
trees."
result
Jackson
was
not
with
Lee
"With the compliments of Major General D.E.S."
an
orderly
fashion
and then in a panic. The
at Gettysburg on For
July
1-3 1863
several
years thereafter, he reportedly visited the limb on the
Confederate
victory
anniversary
of theshocked
amputation. the North.