Transcript Civil War PP

December 1860
Crittenden Compromise – called for old Missouri
Compromise to be drawn west through
remaining territories.
 Lincoln objected; wanted to preserve the Union,
but not let slavery expand.

Feb 1861
Confederate States of America are formed
w/ Montgomery first Capital; it eventually
moves to Richmond once VA secedes.
 Lincoln’s problem – If he calls for troops to
protect U.S. forts in South, more states
may secede; but if he doesn’t then he
does not protect federal property.
 Decides to send supplies to Fort Sumter
which leads to . . .
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What does Lincoln do?
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http://www.history.com/topics/compromis
e-of-1850
April 12, 1861 – Fort Sumter
Confederate Gen Beauregard is ordered to fire
on Fort Sumter in Charleston. Attacked on 4
Sides! First shots of Civil War.
 Union surrenders Fort the next day.

Results of Fort Sumter
4 more states secede – AR, NC, TN, VA
 Moved capital to Richmond.
 Confederates had total control of
Charleston Harbor. Was not regained til
after Lee’s surrender.
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What Caused This? – Know 3
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Economic and social differences between the
North and the South.
 States versus federal rights.
 The fight between Slave and Non-Slave State
Proponents.
 Growth of the Abolition Movement.
 The election of Abraham Lincoln.
Northern Advantages
More money in banks
 Functioning Government
 Larger Population
 More troops
 85% of nations industry
 Most of nation’s RR lines
 Navy remained loyal

Southern Advantages
Had to fight only a defensive war.
 More military schools.
 Excellent military leadership.

Armies
Most soldiers between
18 and 29.
 Robert E. Lee stays
with South, even
though he was asked
by Lincoln to lead
Union.
 McDowell will lead
North.
 North had huge
numbers adv.

First Battle of Bull Run – July of
1861
First major battle of
Civil War.
 Stonewall Jackson
helped Conf defeat
McDowell and the
Union.
 First use of the rebel
yell.

Results of Bull Run
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War would last longer than
expected.
Both sides realize troops
were NOT well trained or
supplied.
Confederate became
overconfident.
Lincoln replaces McDowell
with McClellan.
Not the first time Lincoln
does this, kind of like Donald
Trump on Apprentice.
Northern Strategy
Capture Richmond.
 Gain control of Mississippi.
 Naval blockade of South – Anaconda Plan.

Southern Strategy
Capture Washington.
 Invade the north; decrease their morale.
 Gain support of Britain and France.

Military Life
Both faced shortages
of clothing, food, and
rifles.
 Union wore blue –
Conf wore grey.
 Most soldiers died
from diseases and
infections.
 The worst conditions
were in prison camps.

Mobilizing for War
North – Women replaced men in factories
to make war supplies, helped with farm
production, and to raise money.
 South – Women and wealthy planters
raised money through BBQ’s and auctions,
then turned to concentrating on survival
after the blockades took place.

Civilian Aid
Women served as
spies.
 Clara Barton – served
as nurse on battlefield;
later founded American
Red Cross.
 Sally Tompkins –
founded small clinics
and hospitals for Conf;
commissioned as a
Captain so her hospital
would qualify as a
military hospital.

Opposition
Both sides protested their drafts because
it placed the major burden of fighting on
poor farmers and working people.
 Copperheads in North wrote articles and
gave speeches against the war; some
were arrested.
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Monitor(N) v. Merrimack (S)
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First time two ironclad
ships had fought in
the water.

Merrimack was big, a lot
of guns, and hard to
manuever; but the
Monitor was quick.

Monitor defeats the
Merrimack.
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Off coast of VA.
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Revolutionized naval
warfare.
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Merrimack was eventually
destroyed by Conf.
Battle of Shiloh (TN) – April 1862
Grant led Union to
first big win in SW
Tenn.
 Gave Union a great
adv in the fight to
control the Miss
Valley.
 Both sides paid dearly
with loses – 13,000
for Union, and 10,000
for Conf.

Battle of New Orleans – April 1862
Commander Farragut
led the Union to
victory, and it gave
the Union access to
major forts on the
Miss River.
 Cut off supplies to
western Conf forces.
 Farragut had led the
blockade at port of
NO.

Battle of Seven Pines (VA)
Considered a draw.
 Union troops had a chance
to take Richmond, but
McClellan would not attack.
 Last Union offensive for a
while.
 Lincoln was always
disappointed with McClellan
because he hesitated.

Seven Days Battle (VA)
It was first Conf
attack.
 Lee and Jackson led
Conf to victory
because McClellan
hesitates AGAIN, and
then retreats.
 Lincoln replaces
McClellan with Pope.
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July 1862
Act passed allowing African Americans to
serve in the military.
 First black regiments were organized in
August of 1862.

Second Battle of Bull Run
Jackson draws Pope’s
attention, and
Longstreet comes in
for the “kill”.
 Lincoln replaces Pope
with McClellan again!
 Most decisive Conf
victory in VA.

Antietam (MD) – Sept 1862
Bloodiest single-day battle of
Civil War and U.S. History.
 Union wins costing South any
hope of support from Europe.
 Lee had planned on
attacking, but his battle plans
were found by accident by 2
Union soldiers.
 McClellan fired again b/c he
allowed Lee to escape to VA.
Ambrose Burnside replaces
him.

September 1862
Preliminary draft of the Emancipation
Proclamation – use a military order.
 Came up with before Antietam, but
wanted a victory by the Union to get
support for document.
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Battle of Fredericksburg (VA)
Lee soundly defeats
Union.
 Burnside ordered his
men to cross an open
field while Lee had
positioning on hills.
 First river crossing and
first urban conflict.
 Burnside asks to be
replaced and was with
“Fighting” Joe Hooker.
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Emancipation Proclamation
Issued in January of 1863 – to free all
slaves of states at war/rebelling against
the U.S.
 Did not affect border states.
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Battle of Chancellorsville
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May of 1863 – Lee’s most
brilliant victory.
Also his biggest loss when
Jackson was shot by friendly
fire and died days later.
Lee, Jackson, and Stuart outwitted Hooker. He planned
to attack from 2 sides, but
was tricked and was
attacked from 2 sides.
Conf had half the troops as
the Union.
May 1863 – Seize of Vicksburg
Led by Union Gen
Grant
 Union needed it to
have TOTAL control
of Miss.
 Conf finally surrender
on July 4
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June of 1863
Lincoln replaces Hooker with George
Meade.
 Hooker hesitated, and could not keep with
Lee into the North.

July 1-3, 1863 – Battle of Gettysburg
Lee wanted a victory
in the North.
 Conf were there to
raid a supply of
shoes. *
 Bloodiest Battle of
Civil War, a Union
victory. *
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Pickett’s Charge –
George Pickett led
Conf charge up
Cemetery Ridge; lost
4000 men.
 Meade would not
attack as Lee
retreated.
 Showed Conf could be
beaten
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African Americans
No black officer commanded a regiment.
 Paid less than white soldiers.
 Martin Delaney – first commissioned
African American soldier; a Major.
 54th Mass – one of first all black regiment
to lead an assault. Assault in Charleston,
SC in July of 1863.
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November 1863 – Gettysburg Address
“Four score, and seven years ago our
fathers brought forth on this continent, a
new nation, conceived in Liberty, and
dedicated to the proposition that all men
are created equal.”
 Helped to remind Americans that we were
founded on the ideals of freedom,
equality, and rights for all.
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Spring of 1864
Grant assumes control
of Union Army.
 Plans a war of
attrition – fight until
the South ran out of
men, supplies, and will
to fight.
 Sherman will be his
“right hand man”.
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Battles during War of Attrition - 1864
May: Wilderness – Conf
victory
 May: Spotsylvania –
Conf victory and Cold
Harbor
 June: Seize of
Petersburg – RR center
of South. Grant wanted
to cut off supplies to
Richmond. Ends in April
of 1865!
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Sherman’s “March to Sea”
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July – Sept 1864: Lays seige to Atlanta and
burns it down.
Decides to use total war – to not only attack
soldiers, but also their economic resources.
Fanned out for 60 miles, pried up railroads and
melted them to wrap around trees – “Sherman
Neckties”.
Dec: Gives Savannah to Lincoln for Christmas
Feb 1865: Destroys SC and Columbia. He
wanted to “punish” SC for seceding first and
starting the war.
Election of 1864
Lincoln defeats McClellan and Fremont
with 55% of vote.
 Andrew Johnson of TN is new VP; a
southerner against slavery.

Surrender! – April 9, 1865
Lee surrenders to
Grant at Appomattox
Court House.
 Terms were simple to
show that both sides
were “one” again.
 Last soldiers
surrendered in
Louisiana in May.
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