Transcript Impact of the Enlightenment

Geocentric -vs- Heliocentric
What is the belief for each one?
WHO AM I?
OCT. 28, 2015
• Warm Up
• Notes/Discussion over the Enlightenment
• Review over SR
• HW: Review notes and vocab
• SR and Enlightenment Test Nov. 4/5
Students will be able to:
Explain the ideas of the Enlightened thinkers and the impact on society.
ENLIGHTENMENT PRINCIPLES
1. The Divine Right of monarchs
2. Union of Church and state
3. Unequal social classes
o Found all of these unreasonable
o Not active revolutionaries- just encouraged reforms
SPURS NEW DISCOVERIES
• Galileo and Newton unlocked the floodgates
• New discoveries in chemistry, physics, biology, and mechanics
• Believed reason could solve social problems as well (slavery;
inequality; and education)
• A better society was attainable through reason
SECULARIZATION
• Rise of a more secular outlook
• Began to question the teachings of the Church
• Believed these mysteries could be solved
mathematically
• Still maintained religion – just separate entities
FOCUS ON THE
INDIVIDUAL
• People looked to themselves more as they
turned away from the Church
• Government is formed by individuals – it
is meant to promote the individuals
welfare
SPREAD OF THE
ENLIGHTENMENT
PARIS SALONS
• Most intense in the mansions of wealthy
women
• Held regular social gatherings – salons
• Met to discuss events, philosophies, writers,
artists, scientists, and other ideas and artistic
performances
DIDEROT’S
ENCYCLOPEDIA
• Project was a large set of books where scholars
contributed articles and essays
• The Encyclopedia – first started publishing in
1751
• Work was banned by French government and
the Catholic Church
• New volumes continued to be published with
Diderot as the editor until 1772
HOBBES
• Life is short & brutal, people are wicked & need a strong
& powerful central govt. ( Leviathon) to keep them from
breaking laws
• “Nature hath made men equal…Therefore, if two men desire
the same thing which they cannot both enjoy, they become
enemies, and seek each the destruction of the other. Hence,
while men live without a common power to keep them all in
awe, they are in a state of war, every man against every man.”
LOCKE
• No divine right to give King Absolute
Power
Everyone has the natural rights of…..
Life 2) Liberty 3) Property
“All mankind... being all equal and independent,
no one ought to harm another in his life, liberty or
property. (Thus being the reason for having a
government).
MONTESQUIEU
• Separation of Power that uses checks &
Balances
• 3 Branches of Govt. (Executive, Judicial,
Legislative )
• The Spirit of Laws
ROUSSEAU
“Every law the people has not ratified in person is null
and void — is, in fact, not a law.
“Man is born free, and yet we see him everywhere in
chains.”
“The problem is to find a form of association which will
defend and protect with the whole common force the
person and goods of each associate.”
• Social Contract between Govt. & Citizens
Citizens must replace govt. if it breaks contract
VOLTAIRE
• Tolerance for religion & speech
JEFFERSON
“We hold these truths to be self-evident, that all men are created
equal, that they are endowed by their Creator with certain
unalienable Rights, that among these are Life, Liberty and the
pursuit of Happiness.--That to secure these rights,
Governments are instituted among Men, deriving their just
powers from the consent of the governed, --That whenever any
Form of Government becomes destructive of these ends, it is the
Right of the People to alter or to abolish it, and to institute new
Government.”
“[N]o man shall be compelled to frequent or support any
religious worship, place, or ministry whatsoever… but that all
men shall be free to profess, their opinions in matters of religion”
Enlightenment in the USA!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!
ART AND LITERATURE
• Enlightenment ideas reflected in the arts
• 1600s and 1700s style was called baroque which was grand and
ornate (like Versailles, Bach, etc.)
• Arts began to reflect more of an emphasis on order and
balance.
• Started to look back to the Greeks and Romans (again…)neoclassical
• Delacroix- Lady Liberty Leading the People
JOHANN SEBASTIAN
BACH
Greatest Baroque Composer… Ever.
• Wrote religious music
• Died from eye surgery
Baroque (n)- Western style of music following the Renaissance
and preceding the Classical era. Expanded the size, range, and
complexity of instrumental performances. Established Opera as
a musical genre.
WOLFGANG AMADEUS
MOZART
• Neoclassical: Child Prodigy-- Wrote and
performed a symphony at the age of 5
• Travelled and performed with his family
(Jackson 5-style)
NOVEL
• First novel – Don Quixote
• Many writers were women
• Books such as Robinson Crusoe; Tom Jones ; Pamela