Transcript The Enlightenment

The Enlightenment
• The Age of Enlightenment brought
together the ideas of both the
Renaissance & the Scientific Revolution
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The Enlightenment
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Renaissance produced a New
confidence in human intelligence and a
curiosity about the world.
The Scientific Revolution produced a
new method of studying the physical
world based on observation and
experiment. (Scientific method)
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The Enlightenment
– The writers of the Enlightenment attempted
to improve society.
– The age of enlightenment was a time for
thinking about
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the welfare of society,
the freedom of the individual,
the happiness of humanity.
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Rene Descartes
• Considered the founder of
modern philosophy
WHAT IS
REASON?
• Nothing should
be accepted on
I think,
thereforelogically,
I am;
• To think
through
as a
faith.
problem,
or I am thinking, therefore I exist
• Everything
should
be
doubted
or I do think, therefore
I do exist
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To
conclude
or
infer,
until proven by reason.
• To convince, persuade, etc., by
reasoning,
• To support with reasons.
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Newton
Newtonian World Machine
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disproved the idea that one set of
physical rules governed Earth
and another set governed the
rest of the universe.
Became the starting point for
investigating everything in
nature.
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John Locke’s – Theory of Knowledge
An Essay Concerning Human Understanding
• Argued that all of our ideas (knowledge)
– simple or complex – are ultimately
derived from experiences
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Knowledge
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Knowledge
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Knowledge
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Knowledge
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Knowledge
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Knowledge
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Knowledge
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Knowledge
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Knowledge
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The Philosophes
In the early 1700’s a new group of thinkers
came about – they believed that people
could apply reason to all aspects of life
The role of the philosopher
was to change the world!
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Montesquieu
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Separation of powers
No two branches of
government could be
combined
Would create a threat
to liberty
Governmental powers
should be separated
and balanced to
guarantee individual
rights and freedom.
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Voltaire
– Voltaire used his pen to fight against
humanities worst enemies
• Prejudice
• Superstition
• Intolerance
Especially Religious
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Diderot
•
Encyclopedia – set of large books
containing articles & essays from all the
leading scholars of Europe
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Rousseau
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All about Freedom & Equality
Social Contract (1762)
Only legitimate government was one
ruled with the consent of the people
What does consent mean?
permission, approval, or agreement; compliance
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3 Laws of economics
1. People act in own self-interest (but it's okay
because everyone gains)
2. Competition- in a free market people have to
compete to survive
3. Supply and Demand - if quantity is above
demand then people have to lower prices or
just not sell until things reach equilibrium
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Chapter 17
• Section 3
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The Impact of the Enlightenment
Art style shifts
• from Baroque
– characterized by grotesqueness,
extravagance, complexity, flamboyance, bold,
powerful
• To Rococo
– Grace, charm, and gentle action.
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if it ain’t Baroque, don’t fix
it!
Caravaggio
Rembrandt
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Rococo
Fragonard (1767) - The Swing
has come to epitomize
Rococo painting. It depicts a
fashionably dressed lady
revealing her charms to her
lover, carefully positioned in a
bed of roses; the lady's
husband is an unwitting
accomplice to this act of
amorous intrigue.
•Grace, charm, and gentle action. Delicate designs
colored in gold w/ graceful curves
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Rococo
Watteau – The Delights of Life (1718)
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18 Century Architecture Rococo
Below:
Residence Palace of
Wurzburg – Garden Hall
Above:
Balthasar Neumann’s –
Residence Palace of
Wurzburg (Court Chapel)
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BAROQUE
Palace of Versailles
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Changes in Music
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Music goes through a maturation
Reborn in the Renaissance
Baroque being the teen years
Classical the adult years
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I’m best
known for
my
religious
music…
Handel
I’m considered
the greatest
composer of all
time!
Bach
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Vivaldi, Bach, and Handel – The 3 Pillars of Baroque Music
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Classical
Mozart
Haydn
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