Transcript Population Health Curriculum for Health Professionals

Population Health
for Health Professionals
Module 3
Health Promotion and
Individual Behavior Change
OBJECTIVES
Health promotion, disease prevention,
wellness
 Disease prevention as part of health
care
 Prevalence of lifestyle factors,
contribution to risk of chronic disease
 Behavior change theory, role in
changing health habits
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Part I
Health, Health Determinants,
and Health Promotion
What is Health?
Health is a state of complete Physical, Mental, and Social
well-being and not merely the absence of disease or infirmity.
WHO, 1947
The Metaphysical
Context of the Universe
Physical
Mental
Social
The Secular Dimensions of
Health
Two Major Aspects of
Health
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Feeling Well
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Ability to Function
Determinants of Health
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the complex inter-relationships of
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genetics
social environment
physical environment
behavior
health/illness services
that determine the level of health and
sense of well-being in an individual
Genetics
Body Size
 Special Abilities
 Disease Resistance
 Disease Susceptibility
 Genetic Diseases
 General Robustness
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Physical Environment
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Macro-environment
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Food and Water
Air Pollution
Micro-environment
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Home
Workplace
Social Environment
Religion
 Race/Gender
 Socioeconomic Status
 Education
 Occupation
 Family Composition
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Socioeconomic Status,
Income and Health
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Socioeconomic Status
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As GDP increases, the health of a nation
increases
In times of economic hardship, the
incidence of disease increases
Health Care
Quality
 Availability
 “Health has improved NOT because of
steps taken while we are ill, but
because we are ill less often.”
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Thomas McKeown, 1978
Health Promotion
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An intervention that seeks to eliminate or
reduce exposures to harmful factors by
modifying human behaviors; or any
combination of health education and related
organizational, political and economic
interventions designed to facilitate behavioral
and environmental adaptations that will
improve or protect health
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Concerned specifically with sociobehavorial
processes.
Targets of Health Promotion
Individuals at risk of a health problem
 Those who influence individuals at risk
 Those who set policy
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Foster the adoption of healthful changes in
the environment
Improve health services
Encourage healthful personal behavior
change
Health Promotion Objectives
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Individual
Community
Knowledge
Attitudes
Behaviors
Physiology
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Organization
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Policies
Practices
Programs
Facilities
Resources
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Policies
Practices
Programs
Facilities
Resources
Government
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Policies/Programs
Facilities/Resources
Legislation/Ordinances
Regulation/Enforcement
Examples of HEALTHY
PEOPLE 2000 Priority Areas
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Health Promotion
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Physical Activity and Nutrition
Tobacco
Alcohol Consumption
Preventive Services
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Heart Disease and Stroke
Cancer
Health Screenings
Healthy People 2010
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2 Broad Goals
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Increase quality and years of healthy life
Eliminate health disparities
4 Primary Objectives
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Promote healthy behaviors
Promote healthy and safe communities
Improve systems for personal and public health
Prevent and reduce diseases and disorders
Disease Prevention
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any intervention that seeks to reduce or
eliminate diagnosable conditions; it may
be applied at the individual level, as in
immunization, or the community level,
as in chlorination of the water supply
Primary Prevention
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Measures taken to prevent the disease
from occurring such as:
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healthy lifestyle habits
Immunizations
Secondary Prevention
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Measures undertaken to facilitate early
detection
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Screenings
Diagnostic tests
Tertiary Prevention
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Measures to minimize complications or
exacerbation of injury or disease.
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Rehabilitation Therapy
Patient counseling
Discussion Time
Identify all three levels of prevention as
they apply to a health problem or threat
to health such as injury or vaccine
preventable disease
 Be sure to include consideration of all of
the determinants of health!
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Summary of Part I
There are various definitions of “health”
 A number of factors determine our
health, including genetics, physical
factors, social factors, healthcare and
lifestyle factors.
 Health promotion and disease
prevention are related to identifying
strategies to prevent disease and injury.
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Module Authors
Diane B. Wilson EdD, RD
Associate Professor
Mary S. McLellan MS, RD
Research Associate
Medical University of South Carolina