Transcript Document

A. SCIENTIFIC METHOD
1. Read the experiment below to answer the questions below.
John is testing whether or not fertilizer increases plant growth. His hypothesis was
that fertilizer would make plants grow more. He uses 2 plants. Plant A was grown in
soil and Plant B was grown in soil with fertilizer added to it. John gave each plant
the same amount of water, and the same amount of sunlight. He measured the height
of each plant once a week for 5 weeks. At the end of the experiment, the height of
Plant A was 10 cm and the height of Plant B was 15 cm.
a. IV
•Fertilizer
b. DV
•height
c. Control group
•Plants A
d. Experimental group
•Plant B
e. What are 2 factors that must remain
constant?
•Type of plant, same amount of soil,
same amount of water, temperature
•f. Describe what can be done to make the
results of this study more reliable.
•Repeat or increase sample size.
B. MEASUREMENT
2. What is mass?
• The amount of matter in an object
(grams)
3. What is volume?
• The amount of space an object
takes up
4. The volume of water in a graduated
cylinder is 30mL. A marble is placed into
the graduated cylinder. The volume of the
water is now 34mL.
a. What is the volume of the marble?
•34-30 =
•4 mL
5. An object has a length of 2 cm, a height of 3.2
cm and a width of 0.23 cm. What is the volume
of the object! Show all work!
•V = L x W x H
•V = 2 cm x 3.2 cm x 0.23 cm
•V = 1.472 (always round to nearest
tenth)
•V = 1.5 cm3
6. What is the mass shown in the triple
beam balance below?
328.3g
7. What is the length of the object
below in centimeters?
•5.1cm
8. What is the
volume of the liquid
in the graduated
cylinder at the
right?
16 mL
9.
a. The mass of an object is 50g and its volume is 5.5 mL. What is the
density of the object? Show all work.
•D = m
v
•D = 50 g
5.5 mL
D = 9.1 g/mL
b. Does the object float in water? Why or why not?
•It does not float. In sinks because it has a greater
density than water (1.0g/mL)
10. Identify the following temperatures in
degrees Fahrenheit and degrees Celsius.
a. melting point of water?
•0C, 32F
•c. boiling point of water?
•100C, 212F
b. freezing point of water?
•0C, 32F
C. MICROSCOPE
11. Label the diagram of the microscope:
PE
•a. eyepiece
a
diagram of the microscope:
•b. body tube
________________
•c. fine adj
________________
________________
b
•d. nosepiece
________________
•e. objective lens
c
________________
d
•f.
diaphragm
________________
e
•g.
base
________________
kf
________________
•h. coarse adj
fg
________________
•i. arm
________________
gh
•j.
stage
clips
________________
•k. stage
________________
•l. mirror/light source
hl
ki
j
li
12. Which part of the microscope controls the amount of light used?
•diaphragm
13. When switching from low to high power, what happens to the field of
view?
•It decreases
14. Draw what the letter “e” looks like when looking at it under a
microscope.
15. What is the total magnification produced by a microscope using a
10x ocular lens and a 10x objective lens?
•10 x 10
•100x
16. A specimen is on the right side of the field of view. Which way
should you move the slide to center the image?
•right
17.What is the diameter
of the field of view
below in millimeters
and micrometers?
• 15. What is the length
of the object in the field
of view below in
__________________________
millimeters
and
micrometers?
21. What
is the length of the object in the fiel
6 mm
• 3.5 mm
• 3500 um
• 1.5 mm
__________________________________________
• 1500 um
22. When preparing a wet mount, why must the
D. CELLS
19. List the 3 parts of the Cell Theory.
•Cells are the basic unit of function in all living
things.
•Cells are the basic unit of structure in all living
things.
•All cells come from preexisting cells.
20. List the 3 exceptions to the Cell Theory.
•Viruses are not cells and are not made of cells.
•Mitochondria and chloroplasts have their own DNA
and don’t need the nucleus to replicate.
•The first cell could not have come from another cell.
21.
Cell Organelle
vacuole
lysosome
ribosome
Golgi bodies
ER
nucleus
mitochondria
chloroplast
Location
Function
Stores water and other materials.
Produces enzymes to digest bacteria.
both
Packages proteins into vesicles.
both
Transport system inside cell.
both
Control center of cell.
both
Produces ATP.
both
Site of photosynthesis.
plant
Involved in cell division.
cytoplasm
Supports all cell organelles.
nucleolus
DNA/chromosomes
animal
Produces proteins.
centrioles
Cell membrane
both
animal
both
Semipermeable to control entry and both
exit of materials.
Produces ribosomes.
Genetic material in nucleus
both
both
22. Label the plant and animal cells below.
A. Chromosomes (DNA)
B. ER
C. Nucleolus
D. Nucleus
E. Nuclear membrane
F. Cytoplasm
G. Mitochondria
H. Golgi Bodies
I. Ribosomes
J. Vacuole
K. Cell membrane
L. Vacuole
M. Cell Wall
N. Chloroplast
40. Label the plant and animal cells below.
C
B
D
A
E
F
N
P
G
Q
M
H
L
I
K
J
R
O. Centrioles
Label the plant and animal cells below.
C
P. Cytoplasm
B
D
Q. ER
A R. DNA
E
S. Nucleolus
T. Nuclear Membrane
F
U. Ribosome
G
V. Golgi Bodies
M
W. Mitochondria H
L
X. Cytoplasm
I
J
Y.KCell membrane
X
Y
W
V
O
P
U
Q
R
T
S
23. List the 5 levels of
organization of a multicellular
organism from smallest to
largest.
• Cells tissues  organs
organ systems  organism
24. Below is a diagram of two spaces being separated by a selectively
permeable membrane.
.
a. If the particles in the diagram represent
carbón dioxide molecules and are
moving from A  B, what process does
that represent? Is energy needed for this
process to occur?
Diffusion, no energy needed
c. If the particles in the diagram
represent wáter molecules and they
are moving from A  B, what process
does that represent? Is energy needed
for this process to occur?
Osmosis, no
b. If the particles in the diagram represent
carbón dioxide molecules and are
moving from B  A, what process does
that represent? Is energy needed for this
process to occur?
Active transport, yes
25. Which nutrient is
needed for each type of
respiration to occur?
•glucose
26. Identify the type of respiration being described:
d. Carried out by yeast
a. Requires oxygen
•Alcoholic
•Aerobic
Fermentation
b. Fermentation
e. produces 36 ATP
•Anaerobic
•Aerobic
c. Occurs in the
f. occurs in
muscles in the absence
mitochondria
of oxygen
•Both
•Lactic Acid
Fermentation
27. The sum total of all life
processes is known as
•Metabolism
28. Maintaining a stable, internal
environment in a living thing is
known as
•Homeostasis
F. CLASSIFICATION
29. List the 7 levels of classification from largest
to smallest.
•Kingdom, phylum, class, order, family, genus,
species
30. What two words are used to name an
organism?
• Genus species
31. What kingdom(s) contain organisms that are:
a. unicellular
•Archaebacteria, Eubacteria & Protists
b. only heterotrophic
•Animals & Fungi
c. prokaryotic
Archaebacteria, Eubacteria
d. heterotrophic or autotrophic
•Archaebacteria, Eubacteria & Protists
D. CHEMISTRY
32. Label the subatomic particles of the atom below and indicate its charge.
A. Electron ( negative)
B. Proton (positive)
C. neutron ( no charge)
33. Identify each phase below (solid, liquid, gas).
Gas
solid
Liquid
34. For the following questions, choose the phase change
that is described by each statement.
Melting Evaporization Condensation Freezing
a. Gas loses heat energy.
• Condensation
b. When liquid absorbs heat energy.
• evaporation
c. The solid absorbs heat energy.
• melting
d. Solid changes directly to the gas phase.
• sublimation
e. Liquid loses heat energy.
• freezing
Sublimation
35. For the following questions, determine if a physical
(P) or chemical change (C) is being described.
a. Iodine reacts with
hydrogen to form a
gas.
• C
b. Shattering of a glass
• P
d. Explosion of fireworks
•C
e. Drying of wet laundry.
•P
36. The following statements are false. Change the underlined word to make the
statement correct.
a. In a compound, elements are physically combined.
• mixture
b. In a mixture, substances cannot be separated by physical
means.
• compound
c. A compound cannot be broken down into a simpler substance.
• Element
d. The solvent is the substance being dissolved in a solute.
• Solute, solvent
37. For the questions below, select the family below being described
(Metals - M, Nonmetals - N, Metalloids - ME, Noble Gases - NG)
a.Very ductile and malleable.
•M
b. Good conductors of heat
and electricity
•M
c. Non-reactive
•NG
d. No luster.
•N & NG
e. brittle
•N
f. Can be shiny or dull
•M
38. Identify the following information for the element below.
a. Atomic mass = 112.41
b. Mass number = 112
e. Atomic number = 48
c. Number of protons = 48
d. Number of neutrons = 64
f. Number of electrons = 48
39. Use the Periodic Table below to answer the following questions.
a. Which letter represents the metals?
C
b. Which letter represents the noble gases?
E
c. Which letter represents a period?
A
d. Which letter represents a group?
B&E
e. Which letter would contain some metalloids?
D
40.The diagram below shows a single sugar cube that has been
placed in a container of water. The sugar cube will dissolve in the
water. Describe 3 ways to make the sugar cube dissolve more
quickly in the water.
• A. Heat up the solvent (increase temp)
• B. Mix/stir the solution
• C. Crush the sugar cube (increase surface
area)
41. The graph below shows the solubility curves for a solid solute
and a gaseous solute.
a. How many grams of solid
solute will dissolve in 100 grams
of water at 25°C?
36 g
b. Describe the relationship
between the solubility of the
gaseous solute and temperature in
this graph.
As temperature
increases, solubility
decreases.
42. The graph below shows the heating curve for water. Answer the
questions using the graph.
a. Label all phase changes on the
.
diagram.
cond
b. What is the melting point of
this substance?
0°C
freezing
evap
c. What is the boiling point of this
substance?
melting
e. What is happening to the molecules
of this substance as time increases?
Move faster and farther apart
100°C
d. What is happening to the
temperature at #4?
Stays the same/does
not change
43. Identify the structure(s) of the skeletal system being described. You
may use an answer more than once.
a. connects bones
• ligaments
b. connects muscles to bones
• tendons
c. produces blood cells
• Bone marrow
d. found at the ends of bones
• cartilage
e. minerals that make up the
hard parts of bones
• Calcium & phosphorus
f. cushion the vertebrae
• cartilage
g. also known as the collar bone
• clavicle
h. also known as the breast bone
• sternum
i. longest bone in the body
• femur
j. also known as the shoulder
blade
• scapula
k. upper arm bone
• humerus
l. type of joint found in the
shoulder
• Ball and socket
44. Identify the type of muscle being described below.
a. voluntary
• skeletal
b. nonstriated
• smooth
c. striated and involunta
• cardiac
d. attached to bones
• skeletal
e. found in the heart
• Cardiac
45. How do skeletal muscles work together to move bones?
• One muscle contracts while the other relaxes.
G. DIGESTIVE SYSTEM
46. Label the digestive system diagram below.
mouth
esophagus
liver
Gall bladder
Small
intestine
stomach
pancreas
Large
intestine
rectum
47. How is energy measured in food?
• calories
48. Where does the chemical digestion of carbohydrates
begin?
• mouth
49. How does mechanical digestion happen in the mouth?
• teeth chew and grind food
50. Where does the chemical digestion of proteins begin?
• stomach
51. Where does digestion end?
• Small intestine/duodenum
52. Where does most digestion occur?
• Small intestine/duodenum
53. Where are nutrients absorbed into the
bloodstream?
• villi in the small intestine
54. Where is water absorbed back into the body?
• large intestine
55. The stomach produces gastric juice. What is this
juice made of?
• hydrochloric acid and pepsin
56. Where is bile produced? Where is bile stored?
• Liver, gall bladder