Transcript Jan 12

Bio 369: Plant Physiology
William Terzaghi
Spring 2015
COURSE OVERVIEW
1) Understanding how plants work.
Understanding how plants work.
• Solar input = 1.3 kW/m2
Understanding how plants work.
• Solar input = 1.3 kW/m2
• 5% (max) can be stored in organics
Understanding how plants work.
• Solar input = 1.3 kW/m2
• 5% (65W/m2) can be stored
• Humans consume ~ 100 W (360,000 J/hour)
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Understanding how plants work.
Solar input = 1.3 kW/m2
5% (65W/m2) can be stored
Humans consume ~ 100 W (360,000 J/hour)
Plants must have high surface area & low metabolism
Understanding how plants work.
• Photosynthesis
Understanding how plants work.
• Photosynthesis
• Nutrition
Understanding how plants work.
• Photosynthesis
• Nutrition
• Metabolism
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Understanding how plants work.
Photosynthesis
Nutrition
Metabolism
Growth & development
COURSE OVERVIEW
1) Understanding how plants work.
2) Understanding how plant physiologists work.
• Method
COURSE OVERVIEW
1) Understanding how plants work.
2) Understanding how plant physiologists work.
• Method
• Technology
Plan A
Standard lecture course
Plan B
Standard lecture course, except:
Plan B
Standard lecture course, except:
1.Last lectures will be chosen by you -> electives
Plan B
Standard lecture course, except:
1.Last lectures will be chosen by you -> electives
2.Last 4 labs will be an independent research project
Plan B
Standard lecture course, except:
1.Last lectures will be chosen by you -> electives
2.Last 4 labs will be an independent research project
3.20% of grade will be “elective”
• Paper
• Talk
• Research proposal
• Poster
Plan B
Standard lecture course, except:
1.Last lectures will be chosen by you -> electives
2.Last 4 labs will be an independent research project
3.20% of grade will be “elective”
• Paper
• Talk
• Research proposal
• Poster
• Exam
Date
JAN 12
14
16
19
21
23
26
28
30
FEB 2
4
6
9
11
13
16
Plan B schedule- Spring 2015
TOPIC
General Introduction
plant structure I
plant structure II
plants and water I
plants and water II
mineral nutrition I
mineral nutrition II
solute transport I
solute transport II
Photosynthetic light reactions I
Photosynthetic light reactions II
Calvin cycle
C4 and CAM
Environmental effects
Phloem transport I
Exam 1
18
20
23
25
27
MAR 2
4
6
9
11
13
16
18
20
23
25
27
30
Phloem transport II
Respiration I
Respiration II
Respiration III
Lipid synthesis
Spring Recess
Spring Recess
Spring Recess
Biofuels
Nutrient assimilation I
Nutrient assimilation II
Cell wall synthesis and growth I
Cell wall synthesis and growth II
Growth and development I
Growth and development II
Light regulation of growth I
Light regulation of growth II
Growth regulators I
APR 1
3
6
8
10
13
15
17
20
22
24
27
29
???
Growth regulators II
Easter!
Easter!
Growth regulators III
Growth regulators IV
Exam 2
Elective
Elective
Elective
Elective
Elective
Elective
Elective
Last Class!
Final examination
Possible elective topics
1) Plant defense compounds
2) Control of flowering
3) Blue-light responses
4) Plant stress responses
5) Plant pathogens
6) Plant movements (heliotropism, venus fly traps, etc)
7) Plant neurobiology
8) Plants and global warming
9) Organelle genetics
10) Plant biotechnology
11) Phytoremediation
12) Lamarckian evolution
13) Self-incompatibility
Lab Schedule
Date
Jan
Feb
Mar
Apr
TOPIC
16
General introduction, plant structure
23
Water potential and transpiration
30
Mineral nutrition
6
Light reactions of photosynthesis
13
CO2 assimilation, C3 vs C4 and CAM
20
Environmental effects on CO2 assimilation
27
Respiration
6
Spring Recess
13
Induction of nitrate reductase
20
Growth and development I
29
Independent project
3
Easter
10
Independent project
17
Independent project
24
Independent project
29
Independent project
Plan C
We will pick a problem in plant physiology and see where
it takes us.
Plan C
We will pick a problem in plant physiology and see where
it takes us.
1.Biofuels
Plan C
We will pick a problem in plant physiology and see where
it takes us.
1.Biofuels
What would make a good biofuel?
How and where to grow it?
Can we get plants/algae to make diesel, H2 (g) or
electricity?
Plan C
We will pick a problem in plant physiology and see where
it takes us.
1.Biofuels
2.Climate/CO2 change
Plan C
We will pick a problem in plant physiology and see where
it takes us.
1.Biofuels
2.Climate/CO2 change
How will plants be affected?
Can we use plants to help alleviate it?
Plan C
We will pick a problem in plant physiology and see where
it takes us.
1.Biofuels
2.Climate/CO2 change
3.Stress responses/stress avoidance
• Structural
• Biochemical (including C3 vs C4 vs CAM)
• Other (dormancy, carnivory, etc)
Plan C
We will pick a problem in plant physiology and see where
it takes us.
1.Biofuels
2.Climate/CO2 change
3.Stress responses/stress avoidance
4.Plant products
• Defense compounds
• Others?
Plan C
We will pick a problem in plant physiology and see where
it takes us.
1.Biofuels
2.Climate/CO2 change
3.Stress responses/stress avoidance
4.Plant products
5.Improving food production
• Breeding: new traits to pick & ways to find them
• GMO
• New crops
Plan C
We will pick a problem in plant physiology and see where
it takes us.
1.Biofuels
2.Climate/CO2 change
3.Stress responses/stress avoidance
4.Plant products
5.Improving food production
6.Biotechnology
Plan C
We will pick a problem in plant physiology and see where
it takes us.
1.Biofuels
2.Climate/CO2 change
3.Stress responses/stress avoidance
4.Plant products
5.Improving food production
6.Biotechnology
7.Phytoremediation
Plan C
We will pick a problem in plant physiology and see where
it takes us.
1.Biofuels
2.Climate/CO2 change
3.Stress responses/stress avoidance
4.Plant products
5.Improving food production
6.Biotechnology
7.Phytoremediation
8.Plant movements
Plan C
We will pick a problem in plant physiology and see where
it takes us.
1.Biofuels
2.Climate/CO2 change
3.Stress responses/stress avoidance
4.Plant products
5.Improving food production
6.Biotechnology
7.Phytoremediation
8.Plant movements
9.Plant signaling (including neurobiology)
Plan C
We will pick a problem in plant physiology and see where
it takes us.
1.Biofuels
2.Climate/CO2 change
3.Stress responses/stress avoidance
4.Plant products
5.Improving food production
6.Biotechnology
7.Phytoremediation
8.Plant movements
9.Plant signaling (including neurobiology)
10.Something else?
Plan C
We will pick a problem in plant physiology and see where
it takes us.
1.Biofuels
2.Climate/CO2 change
3.Stress responses/stress avoidance
4.Plant products
5.Improving food production
6.Biotechnology
7.Phytoremediation
8.Plant movements
9.Plant signaling (including neurobiology)
10.Something else?
Pick a problem
Plan C
1.Pick a problem
2.Pick some plants to study
Plan C
1.Pick a problem
2.Pick some plants to study
3.Design some experiments
Plan C
1.Pick a problem
2.Pick some plants to study
3.Design some experiments
4.See where they lead us
Plan C
1.Pick a problem
2.Pick some plants to study
3.Design some experiments
4.See where they lead us
Grading?
Combination of papers and presentations
Plan C
Grading?
Combination of papers and presentations
•First presentation:10 points
•Research presentation: 10 points
•Final presentation: 15 points
•Assignments: 5 points each
•Poster: 10 points
•Intermediate report 10 points
•Final report: 30 points
BIO 369 - Resource and Policy Information
Instructor: Dr. William Terzaghi
Offices: SLC 363/CSC228
Office hours: MWF 12:00-1:00 in SLC 363, TR 1-2 in
CSC228 or by appointment
Phone: (570) 408-4762
Email: [email protected]
BIO 369 - Resource and Policy Information
Instructor: Dr. William Terzaghi
Offices: SLC 363/CSC228
Office hours: MWF 12:00-1:00 in SLC 363, TR 1-2 in
CSC228 or by appointment
Phone: (570) 408-4762
Email: [email protected]
Course webpage:
http://staffweb.wilkes.edu/william.terzaghi/bio369.html
BIO 369 - Resource and Policy Information
Instructor: Dr. William Terzaghi
Offices: SLC 363/CSC228
Office hours: MWF 12:00-1:00 in SLC 363, TR 1-2 in
CSC228 or by appointment
Phone: (570) 408-4762
Email: [email protected]
Course webpage:
http://staffweb.wilkes.edu/william.terzaghi/bio369.html
Text: Taiz & Zeiger (2015). Plant Physiology, 6th Ed.
Sinauer Assoc, Sunderland, MA.
ISBN 978-1-60535-255-8
Plant Structure
3 Parts
1. Leaf
2. Stem
3. Root
Plant Structure
3 Parts
1. Leaf
A. Cuticle = lipid barrier
Plant Structure
3 Parts
1. Leaf
A. Cuticle = lipid barrier
B. Epidermis = barrier cells
Leaf Structure
A. Cuticle = lipid barrier
B. Epidermis = barrier cells
C. Stomate = gate controlled by guard cells
A.
B.
C.
D.
Leaf Structure
Cuticle = lipid barrier
Epidermis = barrier cells
Stomate = gate controlled by guard cells
Mesophyll = photosynthetic cells
A.
B.
C.
D.
E.
Leaf Structure
Cuticle = lipid barrier
Epidermis = barrier cells
Stomate = gate controlled by guard cells
Mesophyll = photosynthetic cells
Bundle Sheath = control import/export
Leaf Structure
E. Bundle Sheath = control import/export
F. Vascular tissue = plumbing
• Xylem = water & inorganics
• Dead!
Leaf Structure
E. Bundle Sheath = control import/export
F. Vascular tissue = plumbing
• Xylem = water & inorganics
• Dead!
• Phloem = sugars
Leaf Structure
E. Bundle Sheath = control import/export
F. Vascular tissue = plumbing
• Xylem = water & inorganics
• Dead!
• Phloem = sugars
• Live!
Plant Structure
Kranz anatomy = less mesophyll, more bundle sheath
Plant Structure
3 Parts
1. Leaf
2. Stem
Plant Structure
3 Parts
1. Leaf
2. Stem
• Apical meristems create new shoot cells
Plant Structure
Stem
• Apical meristems create new shoot cells
• Vascular cambium creates new xylem & phloem
Plant Structure
3 Parts
1. Leaf
2. Stem
3. Root
• Root cap protects tip
Root Structure
• Root cap protects tip
• Quiescent center provides reserve cells
Root Structure
• Root cap protects tip
• Quiescent center provides reserve cells
• Apical meristem adds new cells
•
•
•
•
Root Structure
Root cap protects tip
Quiescent center provides reserve cells
Apical meristem adds new cells
Root hairs take up water & nutrients
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•
•
•
•
Root Structure
Root cap protects tip
Quiescent center provides reserve cells
Apical meristem adds new cells
Root hairs take up water & nutrients
Casparian strip in endodermis forces all water &
solutes to enter cells
Root Structure
• Casparian strip in endodermis forces all water &
solutes to enter cells
• Apoplast = space between cells
Root Structure
• Casparian strip in endodermis forces all water &
solutes to enter cells
• Apoplast = space
between cells
• Symplast = cytoplasm
(continuous t/o plant
through plasmodesmata)
Plant Cell Theory
1) All organisms are composed of one or more cells
Plant Cell Theory
1) All organisms are composed of one or more cells
2) Cell is smallest living organizational unit
Plant Cell Theory
1) All organisms are composed of one or more cells
2) Cell is smallest living organizational unit
3) Cells arise by division of preexisting cells
Plant Cells
1) Highly complex and organized
Plant Cells
1) Highly complex and organized
2) Metabolism
Plant Cells
1) Highly complex and organized
2) Metabolism
3) Reproduction
Plant Cells
1) Highly complex and organized
2) Metabolism
3) Reproduction
4) Heredity
Plant Cells
1) Highly complex and organized
2) Metabolism
3) Reproduction
4) Heredity
5) Mechanically active
Plant Cells
1) Highly complex and organized
2) Metabolism
3) Reproduction
4) Heredity
5) Mechanically active
6) Respond to stimuli
Plant Cells
1) Highly complex and organized
2) Metabolism
3) Reproduction
4) Heredity
5) Mechanically active
6) Respond to stimuli
7) Homeostasis
Plant Cells
1) Highly complex and organized
2) Metabolism
3) Reproduction
4) Heredity
5) Mechanically active
6) Respond to stimuli
7) Homeostasis
8) Very small
Why are cells so small?
1) many things move inside cells by diffusion
Why are cells so small?
1) many things move inside cells by diffusion
2)surface/volume ratio
Why are cells so small?
1) many things move inside cells by diffusion
2) surface/volume ratio
• surface area increases more slowly than volume
Why are cells so small?
1) many things move inside cells by diffusion
2) surface/volume ratio
• surface area increases more slowly than volume
• exchange occurs only at surface
• eventually have insufficient exchange for survival