Transcript Classification ppt.

Classification of
Organisms
Pre AP Biology
Spring ‘13
Taxonomy
• Taxonomy is the science of naming and
classifying living organisms.
• Carl Linnaeus – 1750s begin to name organisms
using 2 Latin words. This is called binomial
nomenclature.
• We still use that system today and the two
names are called the scientific name.
• Many organisms also have a common name,
but some such as e.coli are only known by
their scientific names.
Why we use scientific names
• Scientific names are very specific.
– There is more than one common name for some
organisms (roach, cockroach, water bug)
– Some common names refer to more than one
species (fly, bass, deer)
• Scientific names are the same in every
language
Scientific Names
• The rules:
– Must be in Latin (or “Latinized”)
– Must be underlined if handwritten
and in italics if word-processed (like
the title of a book)
– First name must be capitalized and
second name must be lower-case
Examples
• Common name : dog
• Scienitific name: Canis familiaris
(or Canis familiaris)
• First name is the genus (pl. genera), or group to
which the animal belongs.
• Second name is more specific and is the species.
Species
• Similar in appearance
• Breed in natural environment
• Can produce healthy fertile offspring
Examples
• Common name : wolf
• Scienitific name: Canis lupus
• Wolves belong to the genus Canis (same as
domesticated dogs)
• Wolves belong to a different species (lupus)
than dogs (familiaris)
Examples
• Common name : tiger
– Scientific name: Panthera tigris
– Genus: Panthera Species: tigris
• Common name: lion
– Scientific name: Panthera leo
– Genus: Panthera Species: leo
• Common name: cat
– Scientific name: Felis domestica
– Genus: Felis
Species: domestica
Some organisms we already call by its
scientific name
• Scientific Name:
Tyrannasaurus rex
OR
Tyrannasaurus rex
Others we use a common name:
Bluebonnet
• Scientific Name:
Lupinus texensis
OR
Lupinus texensis
Others we use a common name: sparrow
• Scientific Name:
Passer domesticus
OR
Passer domesticus
Hierarchy of classification
• Organisms are grouped together much like mail is
delivered…from most inclusive to most specific:
– Most inclusive: Country
State
City
Zip
Street
address
individual –most specific
Domains
• Most inclusive division is called a
Domain
– There are only 3 of these: eukary,
bacteria and archea
– All organisms fall into one of these three
catagories. Two of them are prokaryotic
and one is eukaryotic. We’re eukarya
Kingdom and Phyla
• Domains are divided into Kingdoms
– There are 4 kingdoms within Eukary: Protists,
Fungi, Plants and Animals; we’re animals
• Kingdoms are divided into Phyla (sing:
Phylum)
– We belong to phylum Chordata (had a nerve
cord)
Class and Order
• Phyla are divided into Classes
– We’re in the class mammalia (has hair,
carries offspring in womb, feeds
offspring milk)
• Classes are divided into Orders
– Were in the order primates
Family Genus and Species
•
Orders are divided into Families
– We’re in the family Hominidae (includes great apes
chimpanzee, gorilla and orangatang)
•
Families are divided into Genera (sing. Genus)
– We’re in the genus Homo (all others in the genus are
extinct but include Homo erectus (walked upright) and
Homo habilitus (made tools)
•
Genera are divided into Species
– We’re in the species sapien
Example: Honeybee
Domain: Eukary
Kingdom: Animal
Phylum: Arthropoda
Class: Insecta
Order: Hymenopera
Family: Apidae
Genus: Apis
Species: melllifera
You need to know the levels in
order:
• Domain, Kingdom, Phylum, Class, Order,
Family, Genus, Species.
• Use a sentence to help you remember the
order:
– Ex: Does King Philip Come Over For Green
Spinach?
The Domains and Kingdoms
Domain
Kingdom Number
of cells
Bacteria
Eubaceria
Archea
Archeabacteria
Eukary Protist
Fungi
Plant
Animal
Type of
cell
nutrition Movement example
The Domains and Kingdoms
Domain
Kingdom
Bacteria
Eubaceria
Archea
Archeabacteria
Eukary Protist
Fungi
Plant
Animal
Number of
cells
Type
of
cell
Nutrition
Movemen
t
example
The Domains and Kingdoms
Domain
Kingdom
Bacteria
Eubaceria
Archea
Archeabacteria
Eukary Protist
Fungi
Plant
Animal
Number of cells
nutrition
Type of cell
Movement
example
The Domains and Kingdoms
Domain
Kingdom
Bacteria
Eubaceria
Archea
Archeabacteria
Eukary Protist
Fungi
Plant
Animal
Number of cells
Type of cell
Movement
nutrition
example
The Domains and Kingdoms
Domain
Kingdom
Bacteria
Eubaceria
Archea
Archeabacteria
Eukary Protist
Fungi
Plant
Animal
Number of cells
Type of cell
nutrition
Movement
example
The Domains and Kingdoms
Domain
Kingdom
Bacteria
Eubaceria
Archea
Archeabacteria
Eukary Protist
Fungi
Plant
Animal
Number of cells
Type of cell
nutrition
Movement
example