Transcript What if you did not have a name? What if no one knew what or who

Classification of
Living Things
Carolus Linnaeus
A
Swedish
scientist that
founded the
science of
taxonomy.
Taxonomy
Is
the science of
naming and
classifying
organisms.
Why do scientists classify living things?

To make it easier to organize, find, and share
information and eliminate confusion.
Classification
The
division of
organisms into
groups, or classes,
based on their
characteristics.
Classifying
 The
more levels shared, the more
organisms have in common.
 As you move down, there are fewer
kinds of organisms in each group,
but organism look similar and have
more in common with one another.
How do scientists group living things?

Similarities

Differences

Characteristics

Levels
Binomial nomenclature
the
system of assigning two-part
Latin or Latinized scientific
names to plants, animals, and
microorganisms, with the first
word denoting the genus and the
second the species.
Scientists
around the world
use the system of binomial
nomenclature to identify all
living organism. This
system assigns the Latin
words as the scientific
name.
Scientific name
The
system that
assigns the Latin
words genus
(capitalized) and
species (lowercase)

The first part of an organism’s scientific
name is Genus and the second part is
Species.

Together these two names identify one
kinds of organism.
House Cat
genus: Felis
Species: domesticus
Human Homo sapien
African Elephant Loxdonta africana
Mountain lion Felis concolor
Kingdom classification
For
a long time, all life on
Earth was divided into five
kingdoms. Now many
scientists say there are six
kingdoms. They have
divided the first kingdom
into two separate groups.
Every
living thing is classified into
one of six kingdoms.
The kingdom is the largest group
and is broken down into different
groups that helps us to identify
an animal.
Let’s look at these groups.
Levels of Classification

Kingdom

Phylum

Class

Order

Family

Genus

Species
K-king
P-Phillip
C-came
O-over
F-for
G-great
S-spaghetti
Kingdom
Largest
group or
level of classification
Organized according
to certain traits
The Six Kingdoms
Kingdoms
Animal
Plant
Protist
Fungus
Archaebacteria
Eubacteria
6 Kingdoms

Archaebacteria

Eubacteria

Protista

Fungi

Plantae

Animalia
Prokaryotes
Eukaryotes
Kingdom
Cell Type
Cell #
Feeding Type
Cell Wall
Archaebacteria
Prokaryote
Unicellular
Autotroph
Yes
Eubacteria
Prokaryote
Unicellular
Both
Yes
Protista
Eukaryote
Most
Unicellular
Both
Yes & NO
Fungi
Eukaryote
both
Heterotroph
Yes
Plantae
Eukaryote
Multicellular
Autotroph
Yes
Animalia
Eukaryote
Multicellular
Heterotroph
NO
Archaebacteria( ancient )

Has one cell/prokaryotic

Has no nucleus

Makes its own food/autotroph

They do not have cell walls

The term archae means ancient

Some move from place to place

Extremophile: Lives in extreme environments (hot, cold, salty and acidic)
Autotroph
able
to manufacture
nutrients: describes organisms,
especially green plants, that
are capable of making nutrients
from inorganic materials.
Types of archeabacteria
 Methanogens-
Produce
methane and die if
exposed to oxygen.
 Halophiles- live in very
salty lakes and ponds.
 Thermophiles- live in
extreme heat or cold.
Halophiles/thermophiles
A boiling hot springs in
Yellowstone National Park. The
orange-red coloration is caused by
dense colonies of photosynthetic
cyanobacteria
Eubacteria (true)

Has one cell/prokaryotic

Has no nucleus

Makes or obtains own food(can be considered heterotrophic or
autotrophic)

Live in neutral conditions

Some move from place to place

Contains all prokaryotic cells except archaebacteria

Known as decomposers

They may be helpful or harmful
Heterotroph
getting
nutrients through food
digestion: obtaining nourishment
by digesting plant or animal
matter, as animals do, as opposed
to photosynthesizing food, as
plants do

E. coli
Protista Kingdom
Mostly
one-celled
eukaryotic organisms
Makes or obtains own food
Classified by the way they obtain
energy
Some move from place to place
Protozoa
Cilia
microscopic
hairlike
appendage for
movement.
Paramecium/uses cilia for movement
Contractile vacuole
 membrane-bound
organelle
found in certain protists
that periodically expands,
filling with water, and then
contracts, expelling its
contents to the cell
exterior.
Euglena/uses flagella for movement
Flagella
A
long,whip-like
extension of certain
cells or unicellular
organisms that
functions as an organ
of locomotion.
Amoeba/uses pseudopods for movement
Pseudopods
A
temporary foot-like
extension of a onecelled organism used
for moving about and
for surrounding and
taking in food.
Protists
The three groups of protists are:

Fungus –like

Plant-like

Animal-like
Algae
Fungi
eukaryotic
heterotrophs that can act
as decomposers. The kingdom
includes mushrooms, mold, and
yeasts. All fungi except yeast are
multicellular. Fungi obtain energy
by absorbing materials. Fungi have
no chloroplasts, but do have cell
walls.
Fungi

Fungi can be very helpful and
delicious

Many antibacterial drugs are derived
from fungi
Penicillin
Fungi

Fungi also causes a number of plant and animal diseases:
•Athlete's Foot
Fungi

Ringworm
Fungus Kingdom
 Has
one or many cells
 Has a nucleus/eukaryotic
 Absorbs food/heterotroph
 Cannot move from place to place sessile
 Do not have chloroplasts or cell walls
 Reproduce by spores
Spore
asexual
reproductive structure: a
small, usually one-celled
reproductive structure produced
by seedless plants, algae, fungi,
and some protozoans that is
capable of developing into a new
organism.

Spores

Examples of fungi are mushrooms, molds
and yeast.
Slime mold
Mold
Molds

Yeast
small single-celled fungus: a small
single-celled fungus that ferments
sugars and other carbohydrates
and reproduces by
budding. Genus Saccharomyces.
Plant Kingdom
 Has
many cells/multicellular
 Has a nucleus/eukaryotic
 Makes its own food using chloroplasts
/autotrophic
 Has a cell wall made of cellulose
 Cannot move from place to
place/sessile
Autotroph
able
to manufacture
nutrients: describes organisms,
especially green plants, that
are capable of making nutrients
from inorganic materials.
Photosynthesis
carbohydrate
production using
light and chlorophyll: a process by
which green plants and other
organisms turn carbon dioxide and
water into carbohydrates and
oxygen, using light energy trapped
by chlorophyll.
Producers
 organism
that makes its food: an
organism that manufactures its own
food from simple inorganic
substances, e.g. a green plant
 They
are plants.
Animal Kingdom
 Has
many cells/multicellular
 Has a nucleus/eukaryotic
 Does not make own food/heterotrophic
 Moves from place to place/highly mobile
 Has a advance nervous system to respond to
the environment
 Reproduce sexually or asexually
 Interdependent on other
organisms/consumers