Transcript What if you did not have a name? What if no one knew what or who

Classification of Living Things
Entrance question
List
at least five
thing humans
classify.
What if no one knew who or
what you were?
What if you did not have a
name?
What are some ways you are
classified?
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Gender
Age
Social security number
Income
State/ are of residence
Profession
Carolus Linnaeus
A
Swedish scientist that
founded the science of
taxonomy.
Taxonomy
Is
the science of
naming and
classifying organisms.
Why do scientists classify living
things?
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To make it easier to organize, find, and share
information and eliminate confusion.
Classification
The
division of
organisms into
groups, or classes,
based on their
characteristics.
Classifying
 The more levels shared, the
more organisms have in
common.
 As you move down, there are
fewer kinds of organisms in
each group, but organism look
similar and have more in
How do scientists group living
things?
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Similarities
Differences
Characteristics
Levels
 Scientists
around the world
use the system of binomial
nomenclature to identify all
living organism. This
system assigns the Latin
words as the scientific
name.
Scientific name
The
system that assigns
the Latin words genus
(capitalized) and species
(lowercase)
Con’t
The first part of an organism’s scientific
name is Genus and the second part is
Species.
 Together these two names identify one
kinds of organism.
House Cat
genus: Felis
Species: domesticus
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Human
Homo sapien
African Elephant Loxdonta africana
Mountain lion
Felis concolor
Binomial nomenclature
 the
system of assigning twopart Latin or Latinized
scientific names to plants,
animals, and microorganisms,
with the first word denoting the
genus and the second the
species.
Kingdom classification
 For
a long time, all life on
Earth was divided into five
kingdoms. Now many
scientists say there are six
kingdoms. They have
divided the first kingdom into
two separate groups.
 Every
living thing is classified into
one of six kingdoms.
 The kingdom is the largest group
and is broken down into different
groups that helps us to identify an
animal.
 Let’s look at these groups.
Levels of Classification
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Kingdom
Phylum
Class
Order
Family
Genus
Species
Make a sentence to help you remember
the groups in order.
K-king
P-Phillip
C-came
O-over
F-for
G-great
S-spaghetti
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Kingdom
 Largest
group or level of
classification
 Organized according to
certain traits
The Six Kingdoms
K ingdoms
Anima l
P l a nt
P r ot is t
F u ngu s
Ar c h a eba c t er ia
E u ba c t er ia
Archaebacteria( ancient )
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Has one cell/prokaryotic
Has no nucleus
Makes its own food/autotroph
They do not have cell walls
The term archae means ancient
Some move from place to place
Lives in extreme environments (hot, cold,
salty and acidic)
Autotroph
able
to manufacture
nutrients: describes
organisms, especially green
plants, that are capable of
making nutrients from
inorganic materials.
Types of archeabacteria
 Methanogens-
Produce methane
and die if exposed to oxygen.
 Halophiles- live in very salty lakes
and ponds.
 Thermophiles- live in extreme
heat or cold.
Halophiles/thermophiles
A boiling hot springs in
Yellowstone National Park. The
orange-red coloration is caused by
dense colonies of photosynthetic
cyanobacteria
Eubacteria (true)
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Has one cell/prokaryotic
Has no nucleus
Makes or obtains own food(can be
considered heterotrophic or autotrophic)
Live in neutral conditions
Some move from place to place
Contains all prokaryotic cells except
archaebacteria
Known as decomposers
They may be helpful or harmful
Heterotroph
 getting
nutrients through
food digestion: obtaining
nourishment by digesting plant
or animal matter, as animals
do, as opposed to
photosynthesizing food, as
plants do
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E. coli
Exit question
How
do scientists
classify organisms?
Entrance question
What
do scientist use to
name organisms?
Protista Kingdom
 Mostly
one-celled eukaryotic
organisms
 Makes or obtains own food
 Classified by the way they
obtain energy
 Some move from place to place
Protozoa
Paramecium/uses cilia for
movement
Cilia
microscopic
hairlike
process extending from
the surface of a cell or
unicellular organism.
Contractile vacuole
 membrane-bound
organelle
found in certain protists that
periodically expands, filling
with water, and then
contracts, expelling its
contents to the cell exterior.
Euglena/uses flagella for
movement
Flagella
A
long, threadlike
appendage, especially a
whip-like extension of
certain cells or unicellular
organisms that functions as
an organ of locomotion.
Amoeba/uses pseudopods for
movement
Pseudopods
A
temporary foot-like
extension of a one-celled
organism used for
moving about and for
surrounding and taking
in food.
Protists
The three groups of protists are:
 Fungus –like
 Plant-like
 Animal-like
Algae
Fungi
 They
are eukaryotic heterotrophs that
can act as decomposers. The
kingdom includes mushrooms, mold,
and yeasts. All fungi except yeast are
multicellular. Fungi obtain energy
by absorbing materials. Fungi have
no chloroplasts, but do have cell
walls.
Fungus Kingdom
 Has
one or many cells
 Has a nucleus/eukaryotic
 Absorbs food/heterotroph
 Cannot move from place to place
sessile
 Do not have chloroplasts or cell walls
 Reproduce by spores
Spore
 asexual
reproductive
structure: a small, usually onecelled reproductive structure
produced by seedless plants,
algae, fungi, and some
protozoans that is capable of
developing into a new organism.
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Spores
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Examples of fungi are
mushrooms, molds and
yeast.
It is used in Hindu rituals this mushroom could cause hallucinations.
Liberty cap grown in the
Slime mold
Mold
Molds
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Yeast
small single-celled fungus: a
small single-celled fungus that
ferments sugars and other
carbohydrates and reproduces by
budding. Genus Saccharomyces.
Plant Kingdom
 Has
many cells/multicellular
 Has a nucleus/eukaryotic
 Makes its own food using chloroplasts
/autotrophic
 Has a cell wall made of cellulose
 Cannot move from place to
place/sessile
Cellulose
A
stringy, fibrous
substance that forms
the main material in
the cell walls of plants.
Plant kingdom
 Plants
are multicellular
eukaryotic organisms that
primarily produce their own
food through photosynthesis.
 Let’s look at how they obtain
their food and energy.
Autotroph
able
to manufacture
nutrients: describes
organisms, especially green
plants, that are capable of
making nutrients from
inorganic materials.
Photosynthesis
 carbohydrate
production using
light and chlorophyll: a process
by which green plants and other
organisms turn carbon dioxide and
water into carbohydrates and
oxygen, using light energy trapped
by chlorophyll.
Producers
 organism
that makes its
food: an organism that
manufactures its own food
from simple inorganic
substances, e.g. a green plant
 They
are plants.
Animal Kingdom
Has many cells/multicellular
 Has a nucleus/eukaryotic
 Does not make own food/heterotrophic
 Moves from place to place/highly mobile
 Has a advance nervous system to
respond to the environment
 Reproduce sexually or asexually
 Interdependent on other
organisms/consumers
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Consumers
 organism
that feeds on others:
include herbivorous and
carnivorous animals, which feed
on plants and other animals
respectively, and also organisms
such as worms, fungi, and
bacteria, which feed on nonliving
organic material.
Heterotroph
 getting
nutrients through
food digestion: obtaining
nourishment by digesting plant
or animal matter, as animals
do, as opposed to
photosynthesizing food, as
plants do
Summary
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Classifying organisms helps in three ways.
1. Allows scientists to keep track of
organisms
2. Helps people communicate by using
one naming system
3. helps to organize information for further
study.
Exit question
Name
the 6
kingdoms.