Transcript Classification of Living Things Notes

Classification of Living Things
NOTES
A. Classification Vocabulary
1. Taxonomy: The branch of
science that deals with naming
and classifying organisms.
2. Autotroph or Producer: an
organism that makes its own food using
sunlight energy and making glucose.
Also some bacteria make food by
digesting minerals & chemicals.
3. Heterotroph or Consumer:
an organism that cannot make its own
food and must eat other organisms in
order to get energy.
4. Decomposers: organisms that
break down dead organisms into
simpler substances, thereby
returning important materials to the
soil and water.
5. Hosts: organisms that provide a
home and/or food for a parasite.
6. Parasite: an organism that
survives by living on or in a host
organism and causes harm to that
organism.
7. Symbiosis: interacting
organisms in which at least one
creature benefits.
8. Mutualism: a type of symbiosis
in which both partners benefit from
the relationship.
9. Sexual reproduction: two
parents combine their genetic
material to produce a new
organism. Offspring are different
from both parents.
10. Asexual reproduction:
involves only one parent and
produces offspring that are
identical to the parent.
B. Groups or levels for classifying
living things:
Kingdom
Phylum
is a subgroup of
Class
Order is a subgroup of
Family
Genus
species
C. Writing the scientific name of a living
thing using a word processor:
Genus name
species name
(e.g. Homo sapiens)
D. If you write it by hand then
underline:
Genus name
(e.g. Homo sapiens)
species name
E. Six Kingdoms of Living Things
Two bacteria kingdoms. Both are single
celled Prokaryotes (no nucleus). They
reproduce asexually:
1. Archaebacteria: live in extreme
environments. They are autotrophs that eat
minerals for energy.
2. Eubacteria: live in a variety of
environments, but not extreme
environments. They contain both autotroph
& heterotroph versions.
Typical structure
of a Bacterium
cell:
General Bacteria Info:
Shapes:
1. Spherical-shaped
2. Spiral-shaped
3. Rod-shaped
4. Irregular-shaped
Spherical Shaped
Spiral-shaped
Rod-shaped
Irregular-shaped
Archaebacteria Kingdom
3. Protists: single cell organisms
w/ a nucleus (Eukaryotes; e.g. amoeba,
diatoms, and slime molds).
Three Types of Protists:
a) Animal-like: Heterotrophs they eat other organisms for
energy.
Amoeba
b) Plant-like: Autotrophs - they
make their own food using the
sun’s energy.
Diatoms
Brown Algae
Euglenoid
c) Fungus-like: Heterotrophs they eat other organisms for
energy. They break large
chemicals into smaller ones,
therefore they are decomposers.
Slime mold
Water mold
Three more kingdoms to discuss:
4. Fungi: unicellular to
multicellular heterotrophs (includes
yeasts, molds & mushrooms). Made of
eukaryotic cells with a cell wall. They
use spores to reproduce.
Fairy Ring
Mushroom
Plants & animals reproduce sexually.
However, some creatures from each
have both asexual & sexual life cycles.
5. Plants: unicellular to
multicellular autotrophs
(includes mosses, ferns and
seed plants). Made of
eukaryotic cells with a cell
wall.
6. Animals: multicellular
heterotrophs (includes those with &
without backbones). Made of eukaryotic
cells.