Transcript Classification of Living Things Notes

Classification of Living Things
NOTES
A. Classification Vocabulary
1. Taxonomy: The branch of
science that deals with naming
and classifying organisms.
2. Autotroph or Producer: an
organism that makes its own food using
sunlight energy and making glucose.
Also some bacteria make food by
digesting minerals & chemicals.
3. Heterotroph or Consumer:
an organism that cannot make its own
food and must eat other organisms in
order to get energy.
4. Decomposers: organisms that
break down dead organisms into
simpler substances, thereby
returning important materials to the
soil and water.
5. Hosts: organisms that provide a
home and/or food for a parasite.
6. Parasite: an organism that
survives by living on or in a host
organism and causes harm to that
organism.
7. Symbiosis: interacting
organisms in which at least one
creature benefits.
8. Mutualism: a type of symbiosis
in which both partners benefit from
the relationship.
9. Sexual reproduction: two
parents combine their genetic
material to produce a new
organism. Offspring are different
from both parents.
10. Asexual reproduction:
involves only one parent and
produces offspring that are
identical to the parent.
B. Groups or levels for classifying
living things:
Kingdom
Phylum
is a subgroup of
Class
Order is a subgroup of
Family
Genus
species
C. Writing the scientific name of a living
thing using a word processor:
Genus name
species name
(e.g. Homo sapiens)
D. If you write it by hand then
underline:
Genus name
(e.g. Homo sapiens)
species name
E. Six Kingdoms of Living Things
Two bacteria kingdoms. Both are single
celled Prokaryotes (no nucleus). They
reproduce asexually:
1. Archaebacteria: live in extreme
environments. They are autotrophs that eat
minerals for energy.
2. Eubacteria: live in a variety of
environments, but not extreme
environments. They contain both autotroph
& heterotroph versions.
Typical structure
of a Bacterium
cell:
General Bacteria Info:
Shapes:
1. Spherical-shaped
2. Spiral-shaped
3. Rod-shaped
4. Irregular-shaped
Spherical Shaped
Spiral-shaped
Rod-shaped
Irregular-shaped
Archaebacteria Kingdom
3. Protists: single cell organisms
w/ a nucleus (Eukaryotes; e.g. amoeba,
diatoms, and slime molds).
Three Types of Protists:
a) Animal-like: Heterotrophs they eat other organisms for
energy.
Amoeba
b) Plant-like: Autotrophs - they
make their own food using the
sun’s energy.
Diatoms
Brown Algae
Euglenoid
c) Fungus-like: Heterotrophs they eat other organisms for
energy. They break large
chemicals into smaller ones,
therefore they are decomposers.
Slime mold
Water mold
Three more kingdoms to discuss:
4. Fungi: unicellular to
multicellular heterotrophs (includes
yeasts, molds & mushrooms). Made of
eukaryotic cells with a cell wall. They
use spores to reproduce.
Fairy Ring
Mushroom
Plants & animals reproduce sexually.
However, some creatures from each
have both asexual & sexual life cycles.
5. Plants: unicellular to
multicellular autotrophs
(includes mosses, ferns and
seed plants). Made of
eukaryotic cells with a cell
wall.
6. Animals: multicellular
heterotrophs (includes those with &
without backbones). Made of eukaryotic
cells.
Bacteriophage
Virus Structure:
Virus life cycle when infecting a bacteria cell.
Stages of Virus Infection:
1. Virus attaches to Bacterium.
2. Virus inserts genetic code into
Bacterium.
3. Virus genetic code splices into
Bacterium code.
4. New viruses are manufactured by
Bacterium.
5. Viruses burst from Bacterium,
which destroys it.