Transcript 259-11-13-religion

• Religion
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TODAY
Catholic tradition
Others
Inter-Personal socio-cultural traits
Industrial history & geography
© T. M. Whitmore
LAST TIME- Questions?
• Social Geographies
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Social development indicators
Race and ethnicity
Spatial distributions
Race and society in LA
© T. M. Whitmore
Catholic Heritage I
• Spanish Catholic roots
• Spiritual conquest — an integral part
of the conquest of the Americas
• Legacy of Church’s history in Latin
America
Identified with power/economic
elite
Reform in form of liberation
theology => oppression of the poor
is a sin
© T. M. Whitmore
Catholic Heritage II
• Overwhelmingly people say “soy Catholico”
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= “I am a Catholic”
Church attendance is often low
But presence is everywhere
“Folk” Catholicism — merging of Roman
Catholic ritual and beliefs with indigenous
(Amerindian) beliefs (syncretism)
Roman Catholic beliefs have merged with
(or been used to mask) various African
religious traditions in the Caribbean and
Brazil especially
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Obatala known as the parent of
the Orishas and all human kind.
The saint he represents is "Our
lady of Mercy“
© 2005-2006
www.santeriareligion101.com
Lukumi (Santería) Altar
Religion: Non-Catholic
• Hindu and Islam — imported with
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indentured labor to Suriname, Guiana,
Trinidad & Tobago mostly (but minorities
in all of the Caribbean)
Judaism — accompanied 1st migrants
from Spain (conversos)
Evangelical Protestants — Protestants
outlawed in Spanish/Portuguese colonial
times
Very rapid growth in past few decades
~40% of Guatemala
© T. M. Whitmore
~1/3 of Brazil
The Mosque of Omar Ibn Al-Khattab in La Guajira, Colombia. It
is the second biggest mosque in Latin America.
Inter-Personal socio-cultural traits
• Machismo — men in control of their lives
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and the lives of others in their lives
Marianismo — roughly the inverse of
machismo (from the idea that the ideal
woman resembles Mary in her virtue and
purity)
Role conflict (e.g., casas chicas)
“Personalismo” — much of social,
economic, indeed all life in LA depends
on social/family ties & personal spheres
© T. M. Whitmore
of influence and obligation
Industrialization in the late
19th Century — up through
WWII
• Export Processing Industrialization (a
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follow on from colonial patterns)
Low technology manufacture of basic
consumer goods
Era of WW I; Great Depression;
through WW II
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Import Substitution
Industrialization (ISI) (1940s —
1970s)
• Legitimized by Argentine economist Raul
Prebish in 1940 and adopted as official
policy by the UN after WWII
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How ISI works
• Imposed quotas or tariffs to increase
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the price of imported manufactured
goods
Idea is to stimulate local industries
NOT a new idea
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Consequences of previous
rounds of industrialization
• A legacy of: Colonial; 19th C; and
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especially ISI industrialization
Spatially uneven: largest states benefit
most
Smaller states forced to band together
© T. M. Whitmore
Economic & other assumptions of
ISI
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Presumes that “under development” is partly
the result of uneven terms of trade between
LA and the more developed Atlantic world
Isolating the country’s economy from the
wider world’s economy will allow it to develop
without the pressures from the Atlantic
World
Attempt to recreate a mini-model of the
economy of more developed states
Strongly involve the state in economic
activities via state enterprises etc.
© T. M. Whitmore
Problems with ISI
• Role of modern technology in ISI
• Role of changed imports in ISI
• Role of foreign control in ISI
• Role of role of governments in ISI
• Inefficient management due to lack
of competition
• Loans to do all this not easily repaid
=> demands to “restructure”
economy”
© T. M. Whitmore