Transcript Martin Luther

Martin Luther
Reformer or
Revolutionary?
Twinkle, Twinkle Little Star or Why Did Luther Stray So Far?
Medieval Europe
• Fear of Authority and
Fear of God
• Catholic Church was
the only church in
Western Europe
• The Bible was only to
be read by priests or
Bishops
What did the people believe?
• If you died with a dirty
soul you would either go
straight to hell or to
Purgatory
• You had to go to church
to get your soul clean
• If you died with a clean
soul you would go to
heaven
Religion on the Eve of the
Reformation
• People (Hus, Wycliff,
Erasmus) were calling
for reform because of the
corruption within the
Catholic Church
• Pope(s) seemed more
concerned with politics
rather than spirituality
• Julius II, the “warrior
pope” led armies against
his enemies
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decompressor
are needed to see this picture.
Preliminary conditions of the Reformation
•
People, not just priests, were learning to read
•
People started reading the Bible on their own
•
People stared to think on their own, and not listen to the
priests
•
People started reading the ancient non-Christian Greeks
– Homer, Aristotle, and Plato – once again
•
New ideas of science and mathematics from the Muslim
intellectuals were being read
•
New scientific ideas by Copernicus and others questioned
the thinking of the Church
Preliminary conditions of the Reformation
•
Erasmus and other thinkers were quietly pushing the
church for reform
•
The new printing press rapidly spread revolutionary ideas
•
The rulers and priests in Germany were angry at seeing
money earned in their states being sent to Rome to build
rich palaces and churches.
•
The Muslims now controlled the Byzantine Empire and
cut of Italy from the spices and silks of India and China
•
The Portuguese now sailed directly to India around
Africa, bypassing the Italian middlemen and thereby
offering cheaper prices for spices and silk
•Why the anti-Christ?
Luther was a German monk who
wanted to reform (not break away)
from the Catholic Church
Who was Martin Luther?
• He could read Latin, Greek and Hebrew.
• Whilst comparing the Latin Catholic Bible
with the original Greek & Hebrew he found
that certain parts were incorrectly
translated.
• Luther hung his 95 theses or complaints
from his research on the local Church door
in Wittenburg in 1517.
• He disagreed with the Pope and began the
Protestant religion.
• You can access the video on SchoolSpace.
Martin Luther (cont.)
• This practice simply harmed people’s
chances of salvation, he believed.
• Angered by the practice, in 1517
Luther sent a list of Ninety-five
Theses to his church superiors.
• They attacked abuses in selling
indulgences.
• Thousands of copies were printed.
Corruption in the Church
1.Indulgences -The selling of
Documents for the Forgiveness of
sins
In Luther’s era, indulgences were being sold
by the Church to raise money for
refurbishing the Basilica of St. Peter in
Rome. The slogan attributed to the
Dominican friar Johann Tetzel epitomized
the sale of indulgences: "As soon as the
coin in the coffer rings, the soul from
purgatory springs."
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What did Martin Luther
Believe?
You don’t have to go to Church to
get your soul into heaven.. This
is “Justification of Faith” -
his belief that salvation is
personal and not linked to
the rituals of the Catholic
Church. The basis of
Luther’s beliefs can be
found in The Bible,in
Romans, Chapter 10.
Read the Bible in your own language
and not Latin.
Its wrong to make an image of God.
The Church is too rich.
Martin Luther
He believed:
1.Salvation was only possible through
faith
2. Salvation is a gift from God
3. Salvation can never be won or
bought
Martin Luther
(cont.)
• In 1520, Luther called for the
German princes to overthrow the
papacy and establish a reformed
German church.
• Luther wanted to keep only two
sacraments–baptism and
Communion–and called for the
clergy to marry.
• Luther continued to emphasize his
new doctrine of salvation.
Martin Luther
(cont.)
• The Church excommunicated Luther
in 1521.
• He was summoned to appear before the imperial
Diet (legislative assembly) of the Holy Roman
Empire in the city of Worms.
• The emperor Charles V thought he could get Luther
to change his ideas.
• Luther refused, which outraged the emperor.
Luther at the Diet of Worms
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Martin Luther
(cont.)
• The Edict of Worms made Luther
an outlaw in the empire.
• His books were to be burned and
Luther delivered to the emperor.
• Luther’s local ruler, however,
protected him.
Martin Luther
(cont.)
• Luther’s religious movement soon
became a revolution.
• It gained support from many
German rulers, who took control of
Catholic churches and formed state
churches supervised by the
government.
• Luther set up new services to
replace the Mass, featuring Bible
readings, preaching the word of
God, and song.
• His doctrine became known as
Lutheranism, the first Protestant
faith.
What Happened in
Germany?
• Eventually Charles (The Holy Roman Emperor of
Germany) was forced to make peace with the
Lutheran princes, which he did in 1555 with the
Peace of Augsburg.
• It accepted the division of Christianity within
Germany.
• German states could choose between Catholicism
and Lutheranism.
• All states would have the same legal rights.
• Rulers could choose their subjects’ religion.
Protestant Christians
Lutheranism
Calvinism
Anglican
(Church of England) Anabaptist
or
Catholic Christians
Jesuit Catholic
Standard Catholic