Transcript History of Marine Science

History of Marine Science
Lecture 2
Ponce de Leon

found the gulf stream by accident en-route to
Cuba.
John Harrison
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In 1760, he solved the problem of
calculating longitude.
James Cook
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In 1786, James Cook’s 3 voyages discovered
Australia, New Zealand and circumnavigated
Antarctica. He and his crew were killed in
Hawaii.
Ben Franklin.
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named and mapped the Gulf Stream while
serving as Postmaster general for the colonies
Matthew Fountaine Maury
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The Father of Oceanography.
He published the first oceanography text as a
military tool for use during the Civil War.
The Birth of Oceanography
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1872, HMS Challenger was the first scientific
voyage. It lasted only 3 years, but took 20 years
to analyze the data collected.
The First School
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In 1900, Prince Albert of Monaco
established the first Oceanographic School.
The Titanic Disaster
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1912 - April 15, the White Star Liner Titanic
sinks with horrendous loss of life after
striking an iceberg in the North Atlantic
Ocean. This leads to a concerted effort to
devise an acoustic means of discovering
objects in the water forward of the bow of a
moving vessel.
Meteor Explorations.
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1925-1927 - The German Meteor expedition
systematically surveys the South Atlantic with
echo-sounding equipment and other
oceanographic instruments, proving beyond a
doubt the continuity of the Mid-Atlantic
Ridge.
made 14 crossings
of the Atlantic Ocean
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William Beebe
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made a descent of 3028 ft. in the
first bathysphere in 1934.
Cousteau

During WWII, Cousteau invented SCUBA
and many other devices that opened the ocean
to millions.
1950 IGY, International
Geophysical Year –
Studied the Indian Ocean
Trieste (bathyscaphe)

Descended 36,000 ft. into the Mariana Trench
in the Pacific – the deepest depth in the ocean.
Project FAMOUS

(French American Mid-Ocean Undersea Study)
and Deep Sea Drilling Project researched plate
tectonics with the ship, Glomar Challenger.
Satellite
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1978 SEASAT satellite
launched for measuring
global surface temperature,
bio-productivity, and wave
heights.
JOIDES
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1987- Joint Oceanographic Institutions Deep Earth Sampling
drilled on the ocean floor at a depth of 27,000 ft. and went
1000 ft. into the ocean floor sediments.
GPS

1990’s – Global Positioning Satellites were opened
for public access.
International Year of the Ocean 1998

By declaration of the
United Nations, The
purpose of YOTO is to
promote public awareness
and understanding of the
oceans, a dominant aspect
of the environment.
Ocean Act of 2000 passed by Congress on July
25, 2000, and signed into law by the President
on August 7, 2000.

To establish a commission to make recommendations
for a coordinated and comprehensive national ocean
policy that will promote:
–
(1) protection of life and property
(2) stewardship of ocean and coastal resources
(3) protection of marine environment and prevention of marine
pollution
(4) enhancement of maritime commerce
(5) expansion of human knowledge of the marine environment
(6) investments in technologies to promote energy and food
security
(7) close cooperation among government agencies
(8) U.S. leadership in ocean and coastal activities.
Ocean Literacy

2005, NOAA publishes Ocean Literacy Standards to
address the importance of Ocean Education.

Ocean literacy is an understanding of the oceans influence
on you and your influence on the ocean.
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An ocean-literate person understands:
- the essential principles and fundamental concepts,
- can communicate about the oceans in a meaningful way,
- is able to make informed and responsible decisions regarding
the oceans and its resources.
In this course we intend to make you Ocean Literate
and More!!!