Transcript Hitler and the Rise of the Nazis

Hitler and the Rise of the Nazis
The early years of the Nazi Party
• Aims
1. Be able to explain what Hitler and the
Nazis stood for.
2. Understand who the Nazi Party
appealed to.
Activity: Why study the Nazis?
•
The Nazi party and Hitler are studied
in most schools. Many people find
this period fascinating and the are
hundreds of books and films about it.
1. Why do you think this is?
2. Is Nazi Germany relevant today?
The Early Years
• Read through the information on page
348 in the textbook. Complete the
Paragraph on the worksheet.
• Use the information in the diagram on
page 349 to complete the activity on
that page.
Hitler’s Beliefs
• Complete the ‘Homework sheet’ detailing
Hitler’s beliefs.
Why did Hitler’s attempt to seize
power fail?
• Aims
1. To be able to describe the events of
the Munich Putsch
2. To explain why it failed and what the
consequences were.
Activity
• Use the information in the book to
complete the rest of the worksheet ‘The
early years of the Nazi party’
The Munich Putsch
Causes
Hitler wanted to destroy Weimar
Republic
He believed Ludendorff would
support him
He believed the Bavarians would
support him
Mussolini had succeeded
Hyperinflation had caused chaos
Events
Hitler stormed into a Bavarian
government meeting on November
8th 1923. SA surround the beer hall
and Kahr is taken captive.
Kahr escapes and Hitler tries again
the next day with 300 supporters.
March is broken up by armed police,
Hitler flees.
• Consequences
Hitler looked foolish as Kahr did not
support him. In fact it showed that
there was not much support
generally for the Nazis.
Hitler imprisoned for five years.
But….
 Hitler managed to turn his trial into a
propaganda success. He used the publicity
to spread his views and gain popularity
and notoriety.
 His prison sentence was very short
considering he had committed treason. He
used the time to write Mein Kampf
 He knew he could not take power by force.
His change in tactics lead to the Nazis
taking power in 1933.
How Useful is
this painting to
an Historian
studying the
Munich Putsch(9
marks)
Hitler stands
at the front,
arm raised
This was not true!
How does the picture compare with your own
Ludendorff,
Knowledge?
a war hero,
What are the posters origins?
stands
Why was the poster made?
beside him.
Does this affect how useful the poster is?
What information can we get from the poster?
Summarise the uses/limitations of the poster.
Utility questions require you to do two main things- use
your own knowledge and analyse the provenance (origin)
of the source.
Were the Nazis a failure between 1924
and 1929?
Aims
By independently examining the
evidence I will be able to construct a
balanced argument in answer to this
question.
Gathering evidence
• Use the information on pages 353 to 355 (as
well as notes on Munich Putsch) to decide if
these areas were successes or failures
 Membership of the Nazi Party
 Election results
 Results of Munich Putsch
 Effect of the stability of the Streseman era.
 The reorganisation of the party by Hitler.
 For each area explain why it was a
success/failure
Party Membership
• Steadily increased. In 1929, the total
party membership was 178,000 — quite
a considerable increase over the 1925
figure which stood at 27,000
 This showed a steady increase over the
period.
Election results
•
•
•
•
•
Got worse in every election.
32 in May 1924
14 in December 1924
12 in 1928.
Shows that people were not voting for
the Nazis
The results of the Munich Putsch
• Appeared to be a failure – Hitler
arrested and put on trial
• BUT allowed Hitler to turn trial into
propaganda coup and write Mein
Kampf
• Led to change in Nazi policy from
seizing power to taking it
democratically.
Stability
• Nazis only seem to have support when
things are going bad (1923 and 1929).
• Streseman era was stable and
prosperous.
Reorganisation
• Hitler used these
years to reorganise
the Party.
• Re-launched party
with new branches
(women, students
etc)
• Party was made
much more efficient
•
This Nazi poster c.1927 reads
‘Despite the Ban, not dead’.
This poster was drawn by
"Mjölnir," (real name was Hans
Schweitzer) who set new
standards for Nazi publicity.
Why was Hitler able to come to
power in 1933 when he had failed in
1923?
• Aims
To be able to describe the factors that
caused a huge increase in support for
the Nazis in the early 1930s.
Activity
• Use your graph paper to plot the following
figures…
Number of
Unemployed
1928 2 million
1929 2.5 million
1930 3 million
1931 5 million
1932 6 million
Election date
Seats
Dec 1924
14
May 1928
12
Sep 1930
107
Jul 1932
230
Nov 1932
196
What do you notice?
• Poster from 1932
says ‘Hitler:- Our last
hope’
• He was holding the masses, and me
with them, under an hypnotic spell by
the sheer force of his beliefs. His
words were like a whip. When he
spoke of the disgrace of Germany, I felt
ready to attack any enemy.
Karl Ludecke, an early follower of Hitler
(1924).
• Unemployment in Germany
Total January 1933 6 million
• [Hitler's policies] were half-baked,
racist clap-trap... but among the jumble
of hysterical ideas Hitler showed a sure
sense of how to appeal to the lowest
instincts of frightened masses.
Tony Howarth, a modern historian
• Hitler’s rise to power
The Nazi Breakthrough
• Wall street cash caused economic chaos.
People began listening to extreme views.
• The coalition government was too weak to
deal with the crisis. The Reichstag
leadership was split between the Centre
Party and the SDP. Bruning, the Centre
leader, asked Hindenburg to rule by article
48. democracy had ended.
The Nazi Breakthrough
• Joseph Goebbels masterminded a
propaganda campaign using leaflets,
rallies, newspapers and radio.
• The Nazi programme appealed to many
people. Hitler made promises that would
benefit a wide range of people.
• Hitler also had powerful supporters and his
personal charisma appealed to a lot of
people.
Hitler becomes Chancellor
• March 1932: Hitler won 13.4 million of the votes
in the presidential election.
• May 1932: Bruning was sacked as chancellor
because he was unpopular. He was replaced by
von Papen but he had little support in the
Reichstag.
• July 1932: The Nazi’s won 230 seats in the
elections. They were the largest single party but
did not have a majority. Hindenburg disliked
Hitler so he reappointed von Papen.
Hitler becomes Chancellor
• November 1932: Hindenburg decided on another election to
gain support for von Papen. It was a disaster for the Nazis
because they lost 34 seats. They lost seats because of a lack of
funds and the thuggery of the SA.
• December 1932 to January 1933: von Schleicher persuaded
Hindenburg to make him chancellor. Von Papen was angry so
held secret talks with Hitler. They agreed that Hitler would be
chancellor and von Papen vice Chancellor. On 28 January von
Schleicher resigned because he had no support from the
Reichstag or Hindenburg.
• 30 January 1933: Von Papen persuaded Hindenburg as
chancellor by explaining that
– Refusal may cause war
– There will only be a few Nazis in the cabinet
– Von Papen will be vice Chancellor
– They will only be using Hitler