Transcript Document
Global Media Today Who Wants to Be a Millionaire has dozens of versions in other languages. 96 out of the Top 100 all-time-grossing films are from the United States. U.S networks can collect $1 million for broadcast rights for top selling shows. The U.S. has six of the top ten world wide best known brands. Nearly 200 countries receive CNN by satellite. Not all of the global expression is welcomed by all countries. ◦ France requires 40% of its music broadcasts be French artists. ◦ Iran bans Western music altogether. ◦ China requires all Internet accounts be registered with the police. Before the 1920’s the major colonial powers were using shortwave radio to connect with their colonies around the world. Clandestine Stations: antigovernment radio used by revolutionary groups, during WWII, and especially during the Cold War (on both sides). Today they are either indigenous (operating within the country) or exogenous (outside the country). Pirate Broadcasters: included the British pirates operating off the coast and with the support of advertisers trying to get rock-n-roll to audiences because of lack of BBC support. The U.S. as International Broadcaster: WWII saw the creation of the Voice of America. This continued with the Cold War, Radio Free Europe, and Radio Liberty (all funded by the CIA), and Radio and TV Marti. The VOA today: ◦ Has 100 million listeners. ◦ In 53 Languages. ◦ And 20 million people in 23 developing countries through surrogate operations. ◦ Basic goals are disseminating Western Propaganda and health and social information. Western Concept There is no free media system on Earth and even the most commercially-driven systems include the expectation of public service and responsibility. Great Britain is a good example. Eventually, Britain was forced, by consumers, to adopt a more American-like approach to its media system. The Development Concept ◦ Many Third World Nations (example: Honduras). ◦ Government and media work in partnership to develop the country. ◦ There is less censorship and control (although there is some) than the Authoritarian form of government. The Revolutionary Concept A good example is Poland (the Solidarity Movement) The goal is to use the media to end the government monopoly on information, organize opposition to those in power, destroy the legitimacy of a government, or bring down a standing government. The Authoritarianism and Communism Concepts ◦ A good example is China. ◦ Subjugation of the media for the purpose of serving the government. ◦ China has seen some diversity and commercialization due to its desire to be part of the international community. ◦ Only allows 20 American movies a year. ◦ Popular Internet bulletin boards are shut down when discussion becomes too free. Radio and TV programming throughout the world looks much like that of the United States. The U.S. is a world leader in international distribution of broadcast fare. Very early in broadcast television the U.S. flooded the world market with programming at very low prices. In systems based on commercial advertising for support the value of programming becomes how many viewers a presentation attracts. In systems operated by public corporations that get their funding from non-commercial sources their purpose tends to be education, social, and political material. The invasion of an indigenous people’s culture by powerful foreign countries through the mass media. Countries should be free to place quotas on cultural products to protect their local media industries. Many countries main goal is to limit the amount of popular culture into their countries from the United States. Have notions such as national sovereignty and cultural integrity lost their meaning in an age of global, international conglomerates with branches throughout the world? The world community is coming closer as a common culture is negotiated and we become economically interconnected. The world’s great diversity will ensure that culture-specific, special-interest fare remains in demand. Modern media technology makes the delivery of this varied content not only possible but profitable. Even as geographically based identities blur and fade new subcultures, based on shared tastes in music or literature or obscure hobbies, grow. The advanced nations of the world, through their multinational corporations, will control the international flow of information. More nations will become heavily dependent on the West and Japan. There will be demise of native cultures. The world’s entertainment and journalism will be provided by a handful of firms, with a proprofit and pro-global position.