Transcript listening effectively

Speech
Listening Effectively
Listening vs. Hearing
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Listening
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Getting meaning from sounds that are heard
Most listen with 25-40 percent efficiency
Hearing
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Being able to detect sounds
Why listen?
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Practice etiquette
Part of good manners
 If you care about someone, you listen
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Increase enjoyment
Helps to enjoy the moment
 Increases involvement
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Comprehend and evaluate ideas and info.
Helps us learn to make decisions
 Helps to understand
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Why listen? Cont.
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Become a better student
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Good listeners=better students
Helps complete homework
Ability to Listen
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Lack of rest
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Poor Nutrition
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If you lack sleep it becomes harder to listen
Activity and nutrition help us listen
Lack of Interest
Hard to listen if you don’t care
 Try to assume the speaker has something
interesting to say
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Ability to Listen
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Personality of Speaker
Speaker’s mannerisms are bothersome
 Don’t like the speaker
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Environment
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Negative features can inhibit listening
Critical Listening
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A listener who analyzes and tests the
speaker’s ideas.
Listen Critically
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Understanding what is being said and
testing the strength of what is being said.
Identify the speaker’s goal
 Identify main ideas
 Identify supporting details
 Use context clues
 Take advantage of nonverbal clues
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Reasoning
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Faulty reasoning
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A mistake in the reasoning process.
Generalizations
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General conclusions or opinions drawn from
particular observations
Example: Fishing is good at Spiritwood Lake
Reasoning cont.
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Hasty Generalizations
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General conclusions or opinions that are
drawn from very few – 1 to 2 – observations
Example: Student turns one paper in late,
then all papers will be late.
Begging the Questions
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Assuming the truth of a statement before it is
proven
Reasoning cont.
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Irrelevant evidence
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Information that has nothing to do with the
argument being made
It may sound impressive, but unless it is
related to the point at hand it shouldn’t be
used.
False Premises
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Premise - a stated or implied starting point for
an argument - is assumed to be true.
Reasoning Cont.
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False Premise
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A premise that is untrue or distorted.
Example: We have a good starting line-up on
the BBB team, so we will win.
False Analogy
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Draws invalid conclusion from weak or often
farfetched comparisons.
Example: Jim can play the guitar so well he
should be able to play the flute.
Propaganda
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Persuasion
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Convincing others to do something or believe
something.
Propaganda
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A form of persuasion that tries to convince
people to accept an idea or belief without
thinking for themselves.
Speakers try propaganda
Propaganda
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Transfer
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Bandwagon
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Encouraging people to act because everyone else is.
Name-calling
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Building a connection between things that are not
connected
Labeling to arouse powerful negative feelings.
Card-Stacking
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Presenting partial information to leave in inaccurate
impression.
Propaganda
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Stereotypes
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Emotional Appeals
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A biased belief or attitude about a group of
people.
Statements used arouse emotional reactions
Loaded Words
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Words that evoke positive or negative
feelings.
Being an Effective Listener
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Get ready physically to listen
Pay attention to the speaker
Practice listening critically
Identify faulty reasoning and propaganda
techniques.
Do not jump to conclusions
Listen actively
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Association
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Tying a behavior to an image
Mnemonic devices
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Rhymes, acronyms, and other verbal forms to
help remember information.