Transcript Totalitarian Leaders - Mrs. Brewington World History

Totalitarian Leaders
Stalin, Hitler, and Mussolini
TOTALITARIANISM
 Look at the word above. Brainstorm a
list in your mind about this word. What
type of word is this? What do you think
it is describing?
Benito Mussolini
 Italian- plots to take over government
 Marches on Rome
 After destruction of WWI, he wants to build a ‘great
and glorious’ Italian empire
Il Duce (il doo-chay) “the leader”
 1919- founds National Fascist Party
 Fascism: form of government that places the good of the
nation above all else, including individual needs and rights
 Aggressive state ruled by dictator
 All-powerful leader
 Used propaganda
 Established festivals & holidays – Italians take pride in Roman
heritage
A Sense of Nationalism…
 What is nationalism?
 How does Mussolini create a great sense on nationalism
within Italy?
What do these images tell you about
Stalin?
How is Stalin being portrayed?
Read p. 824-825 in your textbook
 As you read use a separate piece of paper to define the
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following terms:
5 Year Plan
Collectivization
Ukraine
Great Purge
Youth
Cult of personality
 What do you think these pictures are trying to tell us?
 How do these pictures make you feel?
Read p.826-827 in your textbook
 As you read use a separate piece of paper to define the
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following terms:
Nazi Party
“Mein Kampf ”
Fuhrer
Youth
Public works programs
Anti Semitism
Nuremberg Laws
Kristallnacht
Who was Hitler?
 Austrian, son of Alois Hitler- beat son for disobeying
 Good student until high school
 Loved playing games that involved fighting
 Moved to Vienna at 18 to attend art school
 Failed to do well in art school
Hitler and the Military
 Did not want to serve in Austrian army. Army deemed him:
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“unfit for combatant and auxiliary duty- too weak. Unable to bear
arms.”
At outbreak of WWI- volunteered for German Army
“I was overcome with impetuous enthusiasm, and falling on my knees,
wholeheartedly thanked Heaven that I had been granted the
happiness to live at this time.”
Kept to himself, “odd”, “peculiar”. Break long silence with
speeches
Mustard gas- goes to hospital. War ends = Hitler depression
Hitler gathers followers
 Stages an uprising against German government. This fails-
teaches Hitler how not to take over (violence).
 Recruited as political officer- lectures soldiers on politics.
 Hitler now has a captive audience!
 How did Germany feel after WWI? Treaty of Versailles?
 Joins the German Worker’s Party (GWP)
 A very good speech giver
 http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=eGhdX1SI3KY&skipcontr
inter=1
NSDAP- National Socialist German
Workers Party (NAZI)
 Reunification of all German people
 “Foreigners” and “aliens” denied rights
 Hitler becomes new leader of the party
 Beer Hall Pusch: attempt to overthrow government. Hitler is
arrested, tried for treason. In prison he writes Mein Kampf
 Wants to create a lebensraum or living space for German people
 After being in prison he slowly gains followers including future
right-hand men: Joseph Goebbels and Heinrich Himmler
Timeline
 1929: Stock Market Crash = Great Depression
 In September 1930: Nazi Party reps in parliament go from 14
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to 107! *Hitler now leader of 2nd largest party in Germany
July 1932 Nazi party takes 230 seats
1932: Hitler demands – wants to be Chancellor (refused)
1932: Carry out terrible acts of violence
November 1932: fear of a Revolution spurs Paul von
Hindenburg to ask Hitler to become Chancellor. Hitler age
43 becomes Chancellor.
Hitler as Chancellor
 Bans other political parties- illegal
 Over 150,000 political prisoners put in concentration camps
 Influenced by Mussolini
 Took control of German army
 All information was selected & organized to support beliefs
 Establishes Hitler Youth (education, propaganda)
 (video clip)
Considering all the information we have just learned, answer
the following question on the same sheet you wrote your
terms:
What signs are you seeing in Hitler’s early
years that may have led to his rise in
power?
What qualities did Hitler possess that
drew people to his beliefs?
*Add to your Totalitarian leader chart