Transcript In Between the Wars powerpoint 2014

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Rise up after WWI-Nazism, Fascism, Communism
State holds total authority over the society and seek to
control all aspects of public and private life. (political,
military, economy, social, cultural)
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One Party System that denied basic human rights.
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Glorified the state above the individual
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Highly nationalistic (flags, salutes, rallies, uniforms)
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Strict controls and laws –total conformity
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Military state (secret police, army, military)
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Censorship (opposing literature and
ideas)
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Propaganda (media – radio, newspapers,
posters)
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One leader (dictator); charismatic
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Terror and Fear (Mass arrests)
What was Hitler’s Early Life Like
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Born to Alois and Klara Hitler
in Austria.
Mother dies - Hitler blames
her Jewish doctor for her
death.
Wanted to be an artist – not
accepted into the Vienna
Academy of Art
Paternal Grandfather Jewish
Hitler’s Paintings
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Severe economic and
social problems
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Caused:
High
Unemployment: 6
million people out of
work
Starvation
Desperation….
US
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Jan 1918
Jan 1922
Jan 1923
Dec 1923
$1
$1
$1
$1
German
=
=
=
=
$5.21
$191.81
$17, 972
$4.2 T
Hyperinflation - soaring inflation
(increase in prices due to too much money and too
few goods)
How did WWI Influence Hitler?
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He served in German Army:
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wounded and received two Iron
Crosses for bravery.
First success in his life
Blamed Germany’s defeat on
Jews, Communists, and
“November Criminals” - signers
of TOV
Why did Hitler Join the German
Workers Party?
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Army Sent Hitler to
investigate in 1919.
Gave a speech denouncing
the TOV, Jews and
Communists
Asked to Join
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Weimar Republic –
democracy established
after WWI
People were frustrated
with economic/political
situation therefore
attracted to political
parties who posed
solutions for appalling
problems.
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Faced Political
opposition from
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communist
fascists 
What is the NAZI Party?
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German Workers Party
changed to National Socialist
German Workers Party “NAZI” Party
Fascist beliefs
Drafted a platform of 25
points
Swastika – ancient symbol
meaning good luck
 Promises,
Promises
 Nationalists
- Restore Germany to Greatness
 Wealthy Industrialist – stop communism
 Workers – end unemployment
 Blamed
Others for Germany’s Problems
 Jews
 November
Criminals
 Communists
 Weimar
 Excellent
Republic
Speaker
What was the Beer Hall Putsch?
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October 30, 1923
Failed NAZI Party
Revolution- Hitler
imprisoned
What is Mein Kampf?
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“Mein Kampf” = “My
Struggle”
Blueprint for
Germany’s future
1. Racism - hatred for
Jews
2. Lebensraum (living
space) expansion of
Germany’s border
3. World Domination
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“Brownshirts”– Hitler’s
private army
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used fear tactics to
eliminate opposition
Used speeches and
propaganda to gain support
Nazi Party gains votes in
Reichstag (German
Legislature):
 1930 = 18% of vote
 1932 = 37% of vote
Hitler appointed Chancellor
(Prime Minister) in 1933 by
Hindenburg
How did Hitler Gain Total
Power?
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“Reichstag fire” - blamed on
communists
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Ended democracy in Germany
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Ignored the TOV
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Economy improved
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Rebuilt Army & Opened
Weapons Factories
Stopped reparations
payments
New Jobs - military sector
Decreased unemployment
Eliminated political
opposition
Began planning for
expansion of the Third
Reich (Third Empire)
Germany’s Political/Economic
Position
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Political- Republic turns into totalitarian
gov’t ruled by single party-Nazi. Hitler as
dictator.
Economic-Deep depression, debt, inflation,
high unemployment.
Formative
1.
What did the people
want?
What did Hitler Offer?
-Name and explain three ways Hitler gained control of
Germany
-Name 3 problems Germany had after WWI
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Rise up after WWI-Nazism, Fascism, Communism
State holds total authority over the society and seek to
control all aspects of public and private life. (political,
military, economy, social, cultural)

One Party System that denied basic human rights.

Glorified the state above the individual

Highly nationalistic (flags, salutes, rallies, uniforms)

Strict controls and laws –total conformity

Military state (secret police, army, military)
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Censorship (opposing literature and
ideas)
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Propaganda (media – radio, newspapers,
posters)
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One leader (dictator); charismatic
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Terror and Fear (Mass arrests)
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460,000 Soldiers killed
Heavy debt
Dissatisfaction with TOV - Britain and
France didn’t give Italy the land they
promised in the Treaty of London
Governments were coalitions that couldn’t
make decisions
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Value of lira declined
Price of bread rose
Shortage of Coal
Rising
unemployment let
to unrest in cities
Peasants seize lands
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Promises to solve Italy’s
problems
Something for everyone:
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Nationalists – recreate the
Roman Empire
Landowners – protect private
property
Workers – full
unemployment
Blackshirts
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Mussolin’s Followers
Used Force to gain power
March on Rome
1922
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“Either the government
will be given to us or
we shall seize it by
marching on Rome”
20,000 Blackshirts in a
planned Coup d’etat
King Victor Emmanuel
fears Civil War - names
Mussolini Prime Minister
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Negatives
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Ended democracy &
Individual freedoms
Assaulted and murdered
opposition
Positives
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Solved unemployment
problem
Restored patriotism and
nationalism and recaptured
Italy’s greatness
“Made the trains run on
time”
Italy’s Economic/Political
Position
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Political- Single party=Fascist. Totalitarian
gov’t, Dictator Mussolini in power.
Economic: Deep depression, inflation,
debt, high unemployment.
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No Class system – equality among
citizens
No Private Property – no private
ownership of businesses or factories
Collectivism – working for good of
society
No government – will eventually go
away
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Totalitarianism
Single Political Party denies basic
human rights
Small upper class – government leaders
No Private Property – no private
ownership of business, factories
Equality among Citizens – except govt.
leaders
Intense Propaganda – use of lies or
falsehoods to promote the government’s
philosophy
Destruction of the Opposition – jailing
or killing political opponents
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Nationalization – all
major industries under
state control
NEP: Some private
businesses
ownership allowed to
operate
Name changed U.S.S.R.
Social Classes Communist party bosses
at top
Dies in 1924
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Leader of the Red
Army
2nd most important
person in Communist
Party
Lost power struggle
with Stalin to control
the Party
Exiled and eventually
assassinated in Mexico
City with an ice pick
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General Secretary
of Communist
Party with power
to remove/appt.
officials
Removed
supporters of
Trotsky
Communist Party
voted him as
leader
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Set Russia’s economic goals for 5 years-5 Year
Plans
Focus on industrializing heavy industry and
increasing agricultural output
 Heavy Industry = steel production, largescale manufacturing
 Few consumer goods produced
 Agriculture = collectivized farms-Peasants
work land owned by the Government and
produce food for Soviet People
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Differed from NEP=No
private ownership
Soviet Union became an
industrial power
Workers received low
wages or none at all
Food was in limited supply
Collective farms unable to
produce enough food
Millions died
What was the“terror famine”?
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Stalin used
starvation to
destroy the
opposition
 Kulaks
 anti-Communist
in the Ukraine
What were the Purges?
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Stalin’s elimination
of his political rivals
during the 1930’s
Millions expelled,
arrested, put in
labor camps or shot
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One of most brutal
dictator’s in the
world
Ruled through terror
Secret Police created
climate of fear
Purges-elimination
of political rivals;
arrested, shot, labor
camps.
USSR Political/Economic Position
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Political- Totalitarian gov’t, single party,
Stalin as dictator.
Economic-Deep depression, high
unemployment, starvation, Communism.
Bellwork/Exit Slip
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Describe events in Germany, Italy and
USSR that show a totalitarian regime.
Germany, Italy, USSR’s
Problems
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Germany- Hitler as dictator, Hitler’s enabling Act,
Hitler/Nazi Party holds all power, Terror and fear
from SS/brownshirts, Political opponents sent to labor
camps, bad economic conditions.
Italy-Mussolini as dictator, Fascist Party holds all
power, Terror and fear from blackshirts army,
Political opponents jailed/killed, bad economic
conditions.
USSR- Stalin as dictator, purges, Terror and
fear/Secret Police, famine in the Ukraine, Political
opponents sent to gulags, bad economic conditions.
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Weak Constitutional Monarchy
Conflicts with west over
immigration policies and
TOV/LON
Population Explosion
35M to 60 M
 Need land for farming and living
space
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Industrial Revolution = need
for more raw materials
Economic Problems due to
Great Depression
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During the 1930s,
militarism began to
influence all aspects
of Japanese life.
Opposed the spread
of western ideals and
favored traditional
Japanese values.
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First of nondemocratic powers to
reveal its territorial
ambitions in the
interwar period.
Depended heavily
on foreign sources
for raw materials.
Sought new territories
to conquest.
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Japanese military
used bomb explosion
on railway in 1931 to
overrun Manchuria.
LON ordered
Japanese gov’t to
return Manchuria to
China.
Japan dropped out of
LON.
LON=Powerless
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Wanted to acquire
rich oil reserves of
the East Indies to
supply its ships and
airplanes.
Japan needed
Chinese land/ports to
do this and therefore
invaded China in 1937
and captured many of
its major eastern and
southern cities.
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Economically
backwards with
little industry
Suffering from
devastating Civil
War dividing
country
Weakened by years
of European
exploitation
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By 1930 has seized much of China.
Shifts their attention to European colonies
in East/Southeast Asia.
Taking advantage of Hitler’s offensive in
Europe, Japan is able to acquire many of
these territories: French Indochina, Dutch
East Indies, GB’s Singapore
www.youtube.com/watch?v=it3nIEcp
Clw
Japan Chart
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Political: Weak Constitutional Monarchy
becomes Militaristic gov’t wishing to expel
western influences and revert back to
Japanese Tradition.
Economy: Depression, relied heavily on
natural resources from other countries.
Japan Exit Slip
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Why would Japan want to imperialize its
neighbors?
Reasons for Imperialism
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Needed natural resources
Wanted land to build airfields
Land to station troops in northern
Indochina (Manchuria)
Needed space for their exploding
population.
Bellwork
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What was Japan’s main reasons for
imperializing its neighboring countries?
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Needed natural resources
Wanted land to build airfields
Land to station troops in northern
Indochina (Manchuria)
Needed space for their exploding
population.
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In 1919, after WWI, Britain, France, and the
USA – the three democracies - appeared
powerful
The US emerged from WWI in better shape than
its allies.
Europe faced grave problems for GB & France
The most pressing issues were 1) finding jobs
for veterans and 2) rebuilding war-ravaged lands
Many potential future leaders were killed in the
war
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Unlike Europe, the US
emerged from WWI
with a dynamic
industrial economy.
It was now a nation
lending, instead of
borrowing, money,
American industries
produced a major
share of the world’s
manufactured goods.
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A policy of
remaining apart
from the affairs or
interests of other
groups, esp. the
political affairs of
the other
countries.
Policy each
democracy took.
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Faced severe economic
problems of high
unemployment and
soaring inflation.
The gov’t was nearly
bankrupt and its war
debts were staggering.
As a result from these
financial problems,
France was unable to
rebuild many of its
towns/cities that were
destroyed during the
war.
Suffered a high loss of life in
war.
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Britain was deeply in
debt after the war.
Unemployment
reached its highest
point (11.3%) since
records had begun.
Staple wartime
industries - such as
coal, ship-building
and steel - decreased.
Working women were
forced to cede their jobs
to returning soldiers.
Political/Economic
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US: Political-Democracy; Economic-Strong,
lending money, booming industry.
France: Political-Democracy; Economicweak/poor, devastation, depression. High
unemployment, gov’t almost bankrupt.
Britain: Political-Democracy; Economicdepression, deep debt after war,
unemployment.
Exit Slip
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Describe ways that the US, France and GB
became isolationists after WWI.
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US Did not want to get involved with other
countries problems and didn’t want their
economy to be dragged down.
All feared being dragged into another war.
Economically France and GB needed to
focus on fixing their hurt economies,
supplying jobs, and rebuilding their cities
for war destruction.