Transcript Post WWI PowerPoint 2015

Contestant #1
I am a womanizer, have
self-interested policies
and unfortunately suffer
from ailing health.
Contestant #2
I have a drinking habit and
a defiant tongue or attitude
Contestant #3
I am a decorated war hero,
do not drink and want
to create a stable economy
Contestant
#1
Contestant #2
Contestant #3
What
is it?
Describe its
characteristics…
Treaty of Versailles
Black Tuesday
1929
- stock market crashes
Total Control
of State by a
Dictator
Great Depression
during
1930s
Increasing influence of new
political parties that emphasize
state control
-For example: Communism,
Nazism, Fascism

Government establishes complete control of all aspects of the state
(political, military, economy, social, cultural)

Highly nationalistic (flags, salutes, rallies, uniforms)

Strict controls and laws –mass arrests

Military state (secret police, army, military)

Censorship (opposing literature and ideas)

Propaganda (media – radio, newspapers, posters)

One leader (dictator); charismatic

Total conformity of people to ideas and leader

Terror and Fear
Political Spectrum

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Reactionary-Favors extreme change to
restore society to and earlier, more
conservative state.
Conservative-Traditional…Seeks to keep in
place the economic, political, and social
structures of society…no change…status
quo
Moderate-Holds beliefs that fall in
between liberal and conservative views,
usually including some of both
Political Spectrum


Liberal-Believes that the government must
take action to change the economic,
political, and ideological policies thought
to be unfair.
Radical-Favors extreme change to create
an altered or entirely new society.
Political Spectrum
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Right wing-Favors the right, more
conservative side of the political spectrum.
Left wing-Favors the left, more liberal side
of the political spectrum.
Extremists-Far right (Reactionary) or Far
left (Radical)
Political Spectrum

__________________________________
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Radical
Liberal
Moderate
Conservative
Reactionary
What was Hitler’s Early Life Like
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Born to Alois and Klara Hitler
in Austria.
Mother dies - Hitler blames
her Jewish doctor for her
death.
Wanted to be an artist – not
accepted into the Vienna
Academy of Art
Paternal Grandfather Jewish
Hitler’s Paintings

Severe economic and
social problems

Caused:
High
Unemployment: 6
million people out of
work
Starvation
Desperation
US
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Jan 1918
Jan 1922
Jan 1923
Dec 1923
$1
$1
$1
$1
German
=
=
=
=
$5.21
$191.81
$17, 972
$4.2 T
Hyperinflation - soaring inflation
(increase in prices due to too much money and too
few goods)
How did WWI Influence Hitler?

He served in German Army:
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wounded and received two Iron
Crosses for bravery.
First success in his life
Blamed Germany’s defeat on
Jews, Communists, and
“November Criminals” - signers
of TOV-Members of the Weimar
Government-1919-1933
Why did Hitler Join the German
Workers Party?
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
Army Sent Hitler to
investigate in 1919.
Gave a speech denouncing
the TOV, Jews, Liberals,
Socialists, and Communists
Asked to Join
What is the NAZI Party?
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German Workers Party
changed to National Socialist
German Workers Party “NAZI” Party
Takes over in 1921
Fascist beliefs
Drafted a platform of 25
points
Swastika – ancient symbol
meaning good luck

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Weimar Republic –
1919-1933-democracy
established after WWIsigned TOV
People were frustrated
with economic/political
situation therefore
attracted to political
parties who posed
solutions for appalling
problems.
Fascism
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Glorification of State
Super Nationalistic
Militaristic
Dictatorship
Intense Propaganda
Allow Private Property
Racism
1 Political Party and destroy opposition
Censorship
Totalitarian-control of all aspects of life
 Promises,
Promises
 Nationalists
- Restore Germany to Greatness
 Wealthy Industrialist – stop communism
 Workers – end unemployment
 Blamed
Others in the Weimar Govt for
Germany’s Problems
 Jews
 Liberals
 Communists
 Socialists
 Excellent
Speaker
What was the Beer Hall Putsch?


October 30, 1923
Failed NAZI Party
Revolution- Hitler
imprisoned
What is Mein Kampf?


“Mein Kampf” = “My
Struggle”
Blueprint for
Germany’s future
1. Racism - hatred for
Jews
2. Lebensraum (living
space) expansion of
Germany’s border
3. World Domination
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“Brownshirts”– Hitler’s
private army

used fear tactics to
eliminate opposition
Used speeches and
propaganda to gain support
Nazi Party gains votes in
Reichstag (German
Legislature):
 1930 = 18% of vote
 1932 = 37% of vote
Hitler appointed Chancellor
(Prime Minister) in 1933 by
Hindenburg
How did Hitler Gain Total
Power?

“Reichstag fire” - blamed on
communists

Ended democracy in Germany

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Ignored the TOV
 Rebuilt Army & Opened
Weapons Factories
 Stopped reparations
payments
 LON threatened but did
nothing
Economy improved
 New Jobs - military sector
 Decreased unemployment
Eliminated political opposition
Began planning for expansion
of the Third Reich (Third
Empire)
Germany’s Political/Economic
Position


Political- Weimar Govt ineffective and
creates turmoil.
Economic-Deep depression, debt,
hyperinflation, high unemployment.
Formative
1.
What did the people
want?
What did Hitler Offer?
-Name and explain three ways Hitler gained control of
Germany
-Name 3 problems Germany had after WWI

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460,000 Soldiers killed
Heavy debt-economic
Political-Dissatisfaction with TOV - Britain
and France didn’t give Italy the land they
promised in the Treaty of London
Governments were coalitions that couldn’t
make decisions
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Value of lira declined
Price of bread rose
Shortage of Coal
Rising
unemployment led
to unrest in cities
Peasants seize lands
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Promises to solve Italy’s
problems
Something for everyone:
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Nationalists – recreate the
Roman Empire
Landowners – protect private
property
Workers – full employment
Blackshirts
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Mussolini’s Followers
Used Force to gain power
March on Rome
1922
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“Either the government
will be given to us or
we shall seize it by
marching on Rome”
20,000 Blackshirts in a
planned Coup d’etat
King Victor Emmanuel
fears Civil War - names
Mussolini Prime Minister

Negatives
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Ended democracy &
Individual freedoms
Assaulted and murdered
opposition
Positives
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Solved unemployment
problem
Restored patriotism and
nationalism and recaptured
Italy’s greatness
“Made the trains run on
time”
Italy’s Economic/Political
Position
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Political- Didn’t get the land promised.
Economic: Deep depression, inflation,
debt, high unemployment.
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No Class system – equality among
citizens
No Private Property – no private
ownership of businesses or factories
Collectivism – working for good of
society
No government – will eventually go
away
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Totalitarianism
Single Political Party denies basic
human rights
Small upper class – government leaders
No Private Property – no private
ownership of business, factories
Equality among Citizens – except govt.
leaders
Intense Propaganda – use of lies or
falsehoods to promote the government’s
philosophy
Destruction of the Opposition – jailing
or killing political opponents
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Nationalization – all
major industries under
state control
NEP: Some private
businesses ownership
allowed to operate
Name changed U.S.S.R.
Social Classes Communist party bosses
at top
Dies in 1924
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Leader of the Red
Army
2nd most important
person in Communist
Party
Lost power struggle
with Stalin to control
the Party
Exiled and eventually
assassinated in Mexico
City with an ice pick
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One of most brutal
dictator’s in the
world
Ruled through terror
Secret Police created
climate of fear
Purges-elimination
of political rivals;
arrested, shot, labor
camps.
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General Secretary
of Communist
Party with power
to remove/appt.
officials
Removed
supporters of
Trotsky
Communist Party
voted him as
leader
What was the“terror famine”?

Stalin used
starvation to
destroy the
opposition
 Kulaks
 anti-Communist
in the Ukraine
What were the Purges?
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Stalin’s elimination
of his political rivals
during the 1930’s
Millions expelled,
arrested, put in
labor camps or shot
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Set Russia’s economic goals for 5 years-5 Year
Plans
Focus on industrializing heavy industry and
increasing agricultural output
 Heavy Industry = steel production, largescale manufacturing
 Few consumer goods produced
 Agriculture = collectivized farms-Peasants
work land owned by the Government and
produce food for Soviet People
Collective Farm
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Peasants worked land owned by the
government
Produced food for the Soviet people and
to export
Exports would pay for industrialization
without having to borrow money from the
west
Kulaks-prosperous anti-communist
peasants who opposed collectivization
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Differed from NEP=No
private ownership
Soviet Union became an
industrial power
Workers received low
wages or none at all
Food was in limited supply
Collective farms unable to
produce enough food
Millions died
USSR Political/Economic Position
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Political- Totalitarian gov’t, single party
that denies rights, Stalin as dictator.
Economic-Deep depression, high
unemployment, starvation, Communism.
Bellwork/Exit Slip

How did the events in Germany, Italy and
USSR make the world less safe for
democracy?
Germany, Italy, USSR’s
Problems
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Germany- Hitler as dictator, Hitler’s enabling Act,
Hitler/Nazi Party holds all power, Terror and fear
from SS/brownshirts, Political opponents sent to labor
camps, bad economic conditions.
Italy-Mussolini as dictator, Fascist Party holds all
power, Terror and fear from blackshirts army,
Political opponents jailed/killed, bad economic
conditions.
USSR- Stalin as dictator, purges, Terror and
fear/Secret Police, famine in the Ukraine, Political
opponents sent to gulags, bad economic conditions.
Fascism and Communism

Both are Totalitarian forms of Government
that have only 1 party and deny basic
rights
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Weak Constitutional Monarchy
Conflicts with west over
immigration policies and
TOV/LON
Population Explosion
35M to 60 M
 Need land for farming and living
space

Japan Economic Problems
Industrial Revolution = need for more raw
materials
 Economic Problems due to Great
Depression
 Depended heavily on foreign sources for
raw materials.
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During the 1930s,
militarism began to
influence all aspects
of Japanese life.
Opposed the spread
of western ideals and
favored traditional
Japanese values.
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First of nondemocratic powers to
reveal its territorial
ambitions in the
interwar period.
Sought new territories
to conquest.
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Japanese military
used bomb explosion
on railway in 1931 to
overrun Manchuria.
LON ordered
Japanese gov’t to
return Manchuria to
China.
Japan dropped out of
LON.
LON=Powerless
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Economic-Wanted to
acquire rich oil reserves
of the East Indies to
supply its ships and
airplanes.
Population Explosion
Japan needed Chinese
land/ports to do this and
therefore invaded China
in 1937 and captured
many of its major eastern
and southern cities.
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By late 1930 has seized much of China.
Shifts their attention to European colonies
in East/Southeast Asia.
Taking advantage of Hitler’s offensive in
Europe, Japan is able to acquire many of
these territories: French Indochina, Dutch
East Indies, GB’s Singapore
www.youtube.com/watch?v=it3nIEcp
Clw
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Economicallybackwards with little
industry
Political-Weakened by
years of European
exploitation
Political-Suffering
from devastating Civil
War dividing country1927-1949-between
Nationalists vs
Communists
Japan Chart
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Political: Weak Constitutional Monarchy
becomes Militaristic gov’t wishing to expel
western influences and revert back to
Japanese Tradition. Population explosion
Economy: Depression, relied heavily on
natural resources from other countries
because of industrialization. Exploit China
Japan Exit Slip

Explain Japan’s main motivation for
imperializing its neighbors in the South
Pacific in the years prior to WWII?
Reasons for Imperialism
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Needed natural resources
Wanted land to build airfields
Land to station troops in northern
Indochina (Manchuria)
Needed space for their exploding
population.
Bellwork

What was Japan’s main reasons for
imperializing its neighboring countries?
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Needed natural resources
Wanted land to build airfields
Land to station troops in northern
Indochina (Manchuria)
Needed space for their exploding
population.
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A policy of
remaining apart
from the affairs or
interests of other
groups, esp. the
political affairs of
the other
countries.
Policy each
democracy took.
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In 1919, after WWI, Britain, France, and the
USA – the three democracies - appeared
powerful
The US emerged from WWI in better shape than
its allies.
Europe faced grave problems for GB & France
The most pressing issues were 1) finding jobs
for veterans and 2) rebuilding war-ravaged lands
Many potential future leaders were killed in the
war
Why did Britain, France and US
want isolationism after WWII
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GB and FR-Horrible economic conditions
GB and FR-horrible devastation to the
country had to rebuild
All three-didn’t want entanglement in
European affairs
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Unlike Europe, the US
emerged from WWI
with a dynamic
industrial economy.
It was now a nation
lending, instead of
borrowing, money,
American industries
produced a major
share of the world’s
manufactured goods.
1920’S IN THE US
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Prosperity
Stock Growth
Weaknesses
-Margin Buying
-Heavy Borrowing
-Farm prices Fall
-Wages Lag
-Slow demand
over- production
Oct 29, 1929:
Stock Market
Crash
1930’S IN THE US
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Great Depression
Banks close
Businesses Close
25% Unemployment
Price of goods fall
Wages and Salaries fell
Politics in the US in 20’s and
30’s

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Stable Democracy
Congress Fails to ratify TOV-didn’t want to
get involved in Europe’s affairs
FDR Passes New Deal to stimulate the
economy
Foreign Policy of the US in the
20’s and 30’s
•League of Nations rejected –
weakens leagues ability to enforce
decisions
•Isolationist – “stay out of other
countries affairs
•Kellogg Briand Pact – denounces
war as a means to settle disputes
Washington Conference – Japan,
GB limit # of navel ships
Society in the US 1920’s and
1930’s
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Live for today attitude
Women vote – 19th Amendment
Flapper Girls
New Technology
-automobile
-washing machine
-vacuum cleaner
-radio
Music – jazz
Art – cubism, surrealism
Literature – new forms
Media-radio and movies
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Britain was deeply in
debt after the war.
Unemployment
reached its highest
point (11.3%) since
records had begun.
Staple wartime
industries - such as
coal, ship-building
and steel - decreased.
Working women were
forced to cede their jobs
to returning soldiers.
Great Britian in the 20’s and
30’s
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Lost position as #1 economic power
Lost position as #1 in world trade
Debtor nation
Production slowed
Unemployment Rose
General Strike over wagesStrike showed that GB was more
concerned with their own problems
Politics in GB in 20’s and 30’s

Labor Party represents workers right in
parliament – becomes #2 political party
Foreign Policy in GB in the
20’s and 30’s
•Joins LON
•Avoid
War
•Locarno
Treaties
Social Issues in GB in the 20’s
and 30’s
•Worker unrest
•Compromise
with Southern
Ireland
- South
becomes
Self governing
-North remains
with GB
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Faced severe economic
problems of high
unemployment and
soaring inflation.
The gov’t was nearly
bankrupt and its war
debts were staggering.
As a result from these
financial problems,
France was unable to
rebuild many of its
towns/cities that were
destroyed during the
war.
Suffered a high loss of life in
war.
France’s Economy in the 20’s
and 30’s
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High unemployment
Soaring inflation
Government near bankruptcy
High debt impacts ability to rebuild
Politics in France in the 20’s and
30’s
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Many political parties – no majority
Coalition govt. forms and fails
Communists, Fascists, Socialists threaten
political stability
Populist group – coalition between
communists and socialists to stop fascism
Democracy remains intact
Foreign Policy in France in the
20’s
and
30’s
•Joined LON
•Avoid War
•Friendly ties with
Germany’s democracy
(Weimar Republic)
•Locarno Treaties – Fr,
Germany, Belgium, GB ,
Italy for lasting peace
 Maginot line – French
fortifications along
German/FR. border for
defense purposes
Social Changes in France in the
20’s and 30’s
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Difficult times
Miles of Destruction to farmland,
farmland, forests, villages, cities
High Casualties, ½ all males, 18-32
Political/Economic
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US: Political-Democracy; Economic-Strong,
lending money, booming industry.
France: Political-Democracy; Economicweak/poor, devastation, depression. High
unemployment, gov’t almost bankrupt.
Britain: Political-Democracy; Economicdepression, deep debt after war,
unemployment.
Exit Slip
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Describe how the 2 factors below would
lead the US, France and GB to become
isolationists?
Economic conditions
Post World War Devastation
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US Did not want to get involved with other
countries problems and didn’t want their
economy to be dragged down.
All feared being dragged into another war.
Economically France and GB needed to
focus on fixing their hurt economies,
supplying jobs, and rebuilding their cities
for war destruction.