Transcript 10-2 Rise of Dictators

9-2 Rise of Dictators
• Totalitarian state:
gov. that aims to
control political,
economic, social,
lives of its people
• Led by one leader or
single party
• Totalitarian state
expected active
involvement of people
• Benito Mussolini,
Fascist leader of Italy
• Fascism: glorifies the
state above the
individual
• Fascist state: gov.
controls people and
opposition is
suppressed
• He formed band of
black-shirted groups
called squadristi or
Blackshirts
• Fascist “either we are
allowed to govern or
we wills seize power”
• Established secret
police OVRA
• Il Duce= “the leader”
• Mussolini’s methods
of control:
• 1. OVRA
• 2. Mass Media
• 3.Propaganda
• 4. Youth Groups
• 5. Gave Church
money and recognize
it Catholicism as the
only religion
Soviet Union
• V.I Lenin controlled
Union of Soviet
Socialist Republic
USSR
• Lenin created the
New Economic Policy
(NEP) peasants were
allowed to sell their
produce openly
• Improved agriculture
• Lenin died 1924 and
Joseph Stalin used
his position in gov. to
gain control
• 1928 Stalin created a
Five Year Plantransform an
agricultural to
industrial overnight
• Focused on heavy
machines, that helped
make other goods
• Steel production
increase from 4- 18
million tons
• Collectivization:
private farms were
eliminated, gov.
owned all land and
peasants worked it
Spain
• General Francisco
Franco led the revolt
in Spain
• 1936, Fascist regimes
of Italy and Germany
gave aid to Franco
• Franco established a
dictatorship in Spain
9-3 Hitler
• Adolf Hitler: served 4
years in WWI
(Germany)
• German Workers
Party
• 1921 Hitler had taken
control of the party
• National Socialist
German Wo0rkers’
Party or Nazi
• Staged an uprising
against gov.
• Sent to jail, wrote: Mein
Kampf or My Struggle
• Reichstag: German
Parliament
• Reichstag passed the
Enabling Act: gov. got 4
years power to ignore the
constitution
• Hitler became dictator
and created large
prison camps:
concentration camps
• Hitler known as their
Fuhrer or Leader
• Wanted an Aryan
state to dominate
Europe
• Aryan= people
speaking IndoEuropean Languages
• SS= Guard
Squadrons, force that
maintained order
• Heinrich Himmler
controlled SS
• SS based on terror
and ideology
• Nuremberg laws=
excluded Jews from
German citizenship
• Kirstallnacht=
destructive rampage
against Jews
• Surrealism= art
movement sought a
reality beyond
material world
• Medernism:
• Dawes Plan: reduce
reparations
• Depression: period of
low economic activity
• Causes of Depression:
U.S stock market
crashed, prices of farm
products went down
• German democratic state
known as the Weimar
Republic had problems
• France created collective
bargaining: rights for
union to negotiate with
employers over wages
• U.S Franklin Delano
Roosevelt created the
New Deal: policy of
active government
involvement in the
economy