Transcript the diplomatic revolution – 1933-1938 steps hitler

THE DIPLOMATIC REVOLUTION – 1933-1938
STEPS HITLER TOOK TO STRENGHTHEN GERMANY
AND IMPROVE ITS POSITION IN EUROPE
REMEMBER – HIS REAL GOAL IN THE LONG-TERM:
TO SECURE LEBENSRAUM
GREATER LIVING SPACE FOR THE ARYAN EMPIRE AND THE THIRD REICH
“All the human culture, all the results of art, science and technology
that we see before us today, are almost exclusively the creative
product of the Aryan… It was he who laid the foundations and
erected the walls of every great structure in human culture…
Only an adequate large space on this earth assures a nation of
freedom of existence… We must hold unflinchingly to our aim…
to secure for the German people the land and the soil to which they
are entitled… And so we the Nazis… take up where we broke off 600 years
ago… and turn our gaze toward the East. If we speak of soil in Europe today, we
can primarily have in mind only Russia.”
ADOLF HITLER – MEIN KAMPF
DIPLOMATIC REVOLUTION CON’T
OCTOBER 1933
HITLER WITHDRAWS GERMANY FROM
THE GENEVA DISARMAMENT CONFERENCE AND THE LEAGUE OF NATIONS
MARCH 1935
HITLER CREATES A NEW AIR FORCE AND
EXPANDS GERMANY ARMY FROM 100,000 – 550,000
THESE MOVES ARE CONDEMNED BUT NO RESPONSE FROM EUROPEAN POWERS
JUNE 1935
ANGLO-GERMAN PACT
GERMAN NAVY COULD BE 35% OF ENGLAND’S NAVY
SAME NUMBER OF SUBMARINES THOUGH
MARCH 1936
GERMAN TROOPS GO INTO THE DEMILITARIZED RHINELAND
WITHOUT BRITISH SUPPORT, FRANCE DOES NOT RESPOND
***ARTICLE 231: The “war guilt clause”
***ARTICLE 232: The “reparations” clause
REMEMBER
ARTICLE 51: Alsace and Lorraine returned to France
ARTICLE 119: Germany’s colonies are renounced
ARTICLE 45: Germany cedes to France the Saar Basin – coal mine region
ARTICLES 80, 81, 87 AND 116: Germany recognizes independence of:
Austria, Czechoslovakia, Poland and the Baltic nations
(Estonia, Latvia and Lithuania)
ARTICLE 160: German army must not exceed 100,000
ARTICLE 181: German navy must not exceed: 6 battleships, 6 light cruisers
12 destroyers, 12 torpedo boats – no submarines
ARTICLE 198: Germany can’t have any military or naval air forces
QUESTION:
Who will enforce this?
OTHER CLAUSES OF THE VERSAILLES TREATY
Demilitarization and a fifteen-year occupation of the Rhineland
BY 1936, THE TREATY OF VERSAILLES HAD NO RELEVANCE
MEANWHILE
MUSSOLINI MAKES A “BOLD”
MOVE AND INVADES
ETHIOPIA IN 1935
EMPEROR HAILE SELASSIE OF ETHIOPIA APPEALS TO
THE LEAGUE OF NATIONS IN 1936 TO HELP HIM OUT
“I ask the fifty-two nations, who have given the Ethiopian people a promise to
help them in their resistance to the aggressor, what are they willing to do for Ethiopia?
And the great Powers who have promised the guarantee of collective security to small States
on whom weighs the threat that they may one day suffer the fate of Ethiopia,
I ask what measures do you intend to take?
Representatives of the World I have come to Geneva to discharge in
your midst the most painful of the duties of the head of a State.
What reply shall I have to take back to my people?"
AGAIN –
NO RESPONSE
HITLER AND MUSSOLINI FORMALIZE THEIR
ALLIANCE IN 1936
ROME – BERLIN AXIS
THE SPANISHCIVIL WAR
1936-1939
NATIONALISTS LED BY FRANCO
(The National Front)
•Ultra-Catholic Monarchist
(Carolists)
•Catholic Church
•Falange (Fascist Party)
•Monarchists
REPUBLICANS
•Anarchists
•Basques and Catalans
•Communists and Socialists
•Republicans
•Marxists
FOREIGN INVOLVEMENT
1. GERMANY AND ITALY SUPPORTED FRANCO WITH TROOPS
AND WEAPONS
2. SOVIET UNION SUPPORTED THE REPUBLICANS WITH
ARMS AND ADVISORS
“TESTING GROUND FOR
GERMANY AND THE
SOVIET UNION”
FRANCO THE FASCIST
PRO REPUBLICAN PROMOTION
PRO NATIONALIST PROMOTION
SOFT CONSTRUCTION OF BOILED BEANS (PREMONITION OF CIVIL WAR)
SALVADOR DALI
PABLO PICASSO
GUERNICA - 1937
DIPLOMATIC REVOLUTION CONTINUED
AFTER COERCING THE AUSTRIAN CHANCELLOR TO PUT NAZIS IN CHARGE
HITLER FORMALLY ANNEXES AUSTRIA IN 1938
THIS IS KNOWN AS THE
“ANSCHLUSS”
REMEMBER - GROSSDEUTSCH
THUS, UP TO NOW GERMANY AND ITALY
HAVE NOT BEEN CONFRONTED BY OTHER
EUROPEAN POWERS
WHY?
1. WORLD-WIDE ECONOMIC DEPRESSION
2. MEMORIES OF WWI
3. IN GENERAL – EUROPEAN POWERS WERE FOLLOWING A POLICY OF
APPEASEMENT
GRANTING CONCESSIONS TO ANOTHER
IN HOPE THAT THEIR FUTURE
JIMMY YOU HAVE BEEN COMING
BEHAVIOR OR ACTIONS
HOME LATE EVERY FRIDAY
CHANGE FOR THE BETTER
FOR THE LAST MONTH
I WILL LET YOU GO OUT THIS
FRIDAY BUT YOU MUST PROMISE
THAT YOU WILL BE HOME ON TIME
APPEASEMENT
REACHES
ITS GREATEST
HEIGHT
BRITISH PRIME MINISTER NEVILLE CHAMBERALIN
APPEASES ADOLF HITLER
MUNICH AGREEMENT
OF 1938
HITLER REQUESTS THAT HIS TROOPS OCCUPY THE SUDETENLAND
LOCATED IN CZECHOSLOVOKIA – WHY?
MANY ETHNIC GERMANS LIVED THERE AND
HITLER
IT POSSESSED COPIOUS RESOURCES
PROMISES
THIS WILL
BE THE
LAST OF
HIS
DEMANDS
NEVILLE CHAMBERLAIN
“PEACE IN OUR TIME”
WITHIN A FEW MONTHS
HITLER DISCARDS THIS AGREEMENT
AND OCCUPIES
THE REST OF CZECHOSLOVAKIA
MOLOTOV,
VON RIBBENTROP
AND STALIN
SIGNING THE
SOVIET-NAZI
NON-AGRESSION PACT
AUGUST 1939
FASCIST – COMMUNIST
AGREEMENT?
SHOCKING!!!
TERMS
1. SOVIET SPHERE – THE
BALTICS AND EASTERN POLAND
2. GERMANY – FREE REIGN
IN WESTERN POLAND
3. WON’T ATTACK EACH OTHER
WHY?
EUROPE
1939