Transcript Unit 4 World War I Power Point 1a

Unit 4: World War I
Fighting
Prejudice
Airplanes
Tanks
Trenches deep ditches that soldiers stayed in
Soldiers
Death
Desruction
World War I
Archduke Franz Ferdinand: 1:Assassinated
with his wife on 2:June 28, 1914 by
3: Serb Rebels. Their death 4:triggers
WWI. 5: Austria-Hungary wanted to
6: punish Serbia because of this.
Serbia: Small country (1) ruled by Austria-Hungary they want
their independence.
Neutral: not (1) favoring either (2) side.
Allied Powers: Russia, (1) Romania, Serbia, Greece, Albania, (2)
Montenegro, Italy, Switzerland, France,
(3) Netherlands, Belgium, (4) Great Britain, Portugal,
(5) U.S.
Central Powers: Germany, (1) Austria-Hungary, Turkey,
(2) Bulgaria
WWI: lasted (1) 4 years
Lives Lost: (1) 10 million killed
Cost: $ (1) 337 Billion dollars
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Treaty of Versailles: A (1) peace agreement that (2)
ended WWI. It (3) changed the map of
(4) Europe and was (5) a large cause of WWII.
CAUSES OF WAR
 Nationalism: A great (1) sense of (2) pride for your
(3) country
 Stockpiling: (1) Collecting lots of (2) weapons and
(3) saving them for use in (4) war
 Alliances: A (1) promise from one (2) nation to
(3) another to (4) help each other in (5) case of a
(6) war. A “ (7)I got your Back” mentality.
 Ethnic Pride: (1) Some people of certain ethnic
(2) backgrounds felt they were (3) better than
(4) others. Each ethnic (5) group wants its own
(6) nation.
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Foreign Colonies: (1) European
countries and (2) the U.S. believed
that they (3) needed foreign colonies
(4) for money. Germany (5) didn’t
have many (6)colonies and they
(7) wanted more. England and
(8)France are (9) afraid of
(10) Germany
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U.S. Position:
 Neutral: America 1) tries to stay 2) neutral under
3) President Wilson. He 3) wins his 4) election based
on this.
 Propaganda: Allies and 1) Germany start a
 2) propaganda war. Both 3) sides want to win
 4) American to their side. Both sides try 5) to make
Americans think that the other 6) side was 7) wrong.
 Allies: Most 1) Americans favored the 2) allies, which
3) were England and 4) France.
Lusitania: A 1) n ocean liner 2) carrying passengers ,
including 3) 128 Americans, is sunk, in 4) 1915 by a
5) German Sub. This turns 6) America and
7) Americans against 8) Germany.
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1917- (1) Germany sinks several (2) American
Ships.
U.S. at War: Americans are (1) slow to react to
the (2) war in (3) Europe.
Wartime Powers: (1) Congress gives
(2) President Wilson special (3) “war time”
powers. (4) Wilson now has the (5) right to
(6) take over industries, (7) restrict free
(8) speech and (9) civil rights, a (10) violation of
the (11) constitution, and (12) enact the
(13) draft.
Draft: a (1) program started by the
(2) government to (3) supply the (4) military with
(5) soldiers.
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Anti-German Sentiment: (1) Propaganda and
the (2) war against (3) Germany effects how
people (4) feel about (5) German-Americans.
German (6) language stops being (7) taught in
(8) schools, German (9) author’s books are
(10) burned.
Self-determination: the (1) right of each
(2) ethnic group to decide who will (3) govern or
rule it.
Peace Terms: (1) Allies impose (2) SEVERE
peace (3) terms on (4) Germany. The (5) Allies
want to (6) punish Germany for the (7) war.
This act (8) lays the (9) foundation for (10)
WWII.
CHAPTER 16: They’ve Sunk The Lusitania
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U-Boats: German (1) Submarines. Germany (2)
stated that (3) they would (3) sink any (4) ship that
(5) entered the (6) war zone. This was (7)
disobeying the (8) rules of (9)international laws.
Captain Walter Schweiger: He was (1) captain of
the (2) U-Boat that (3) sunk the (10) Lusitania.
U.S. reaction to sinking: (1) Americans are (2)
shocked and (3) outraged. 1200 (4) people die.
Many of them are (5) women and children.
Americans are (6) furious with (7) Germany and all
(8) Germans.
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International Law: Is a (1) set of rules that (2)
nations are (3) supposed to (4) obey in their (5)
relations with (6) each other.
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British Blockade: England's (1) Navy controls all
the (2) water. It does (3) not allow any (4) ships
to carry (5) supplies to any (6) German ports.
Newspaper Warning: International (1) Law
states that (2) warships have to (3) give a
warning before (4) attacking a merchant (5)
ship. German’s place an (6) ad warning
Lusitania (7) passengers in newspapers. No (8)
one pays any (9) attention to it.
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Captain W.H. Turner: He is (1) Captain of the
(2) Lusitiania. He (3) ignores orders to
(4) zig-zag, because he (5) doesn’t want to
(6) upset passengers.
President Wilson (1) becomes very (2) upset
with the (3) sinking and says that (4) Americans
can travel (5) wherever they (6) want to
(7) because they are (8) neutral. Germany says
that the (9) Lusitania is carrying (10) weapons
and it (11) was an (12) act of (13) self-defense.
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Germany’s Assurance: (1) Germany announces
in (2) May 1916, that they would (3) obey the
(4) international laws. They (5) state that they
(6) won’t sink unarmed (7) ships. Wilson then
gets (8) re-elected as (9) President with the
campaign slogan “HE (10) KEPT US OUT OF
WAR!”
Wilhelm II: Jan. 1917: German (1) government
resumes (2) unlimited attacks on all (3) ships.
The (4) German Emperor and (5) 1st cousin to
CZAR (6) Nicholas, is over (7) confident. He
does (8) not feel that there is (9) anyway that
(11) Germany can be (12) defeated.
April 6, 1917: (1) U.S. declares (2) war on (3)
Germany.
Chapter 17: The Horrors of The
Western Front
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Battle of the Somme: (1) England with the help
(2) of Canadian volunteers (3) came to the (4)
aid of (5) French Troops. They (6) wanted to (7)
drive back the (8) German Army. Battles rage
from (9) June to November in 1916. Over (10) 1
million people (11) killed. Allied troops (12) win
a total of (13) 7 square (14) miles.
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Trench Warfare:
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Trenches: Long (1) narrow ditches dug by
soldiers to (2) hide and (3) cover themselves.
Soldiers (4) would wait for (5) a break in the
(6) fighting/firing and then (7) charge out of
the (8) trenches where (9) many of them
would (9) die.
 Western
Front: a (1) area that
runs (2) 450 miles across
(3) Belgium, France and
Switzerland that utilized
(4) trench warfare. Between
(5) 1914-1918 millions die there.
French (6) country side is
(7) destroyed from all the
(8) fighting.
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Trench Warfare:
1914-1918: (1) German and (2) Allied forces
use (3) trenches for (4) warfare.
 Diaries of the Dead: Stories from the
(1) diaries that were (2) found on (3) dead
soldiers. Many of them (4) wrote about how
(5) their lives were forever (6) changed by
the (7) death and (8) destruction that (9) they
saw.
 New Technology: (1) Modern warfare (2)
technology included: (3) poisonous gases,
(4) fighter planes, machine (5) guns,
grenades, (6) tanks and (7) u-boats.
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German soldiers in a well-constructed trench in France pick lice out
of their clothes. By the end of 1914, the Western Front had
solidified into two systems of trenches running across France.
Go To Over The Top
Chapter 18: The Eastern Front
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Nikolai Lenin: A 1) revolutionary who
2) dreamed of 3) overthrowing the 4) Czar in
5) Russia. He 6) wanted to lead a 7) revolution
to 8) take over the 9) government by the
10) workers.
Czar Nicholas II: 1) King or Czar of 2) Russia.
He draws 3) Russia into 4) war so that he 5)
could regain 6) control over his 7) subjects. The
8) Russian people are 9) poor, 10) oppressed
and 11) hungry. They 12) do not favor the 13)
Czar.
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Parliamentary Government: a 1) form of
2) Government made by the 3) Russian people
after a 4) series of 5) strikes. Czar 6) Nicholas
won’t 7) recognize this new “8) government” and
he 9) refuses to give up 10) power.
This 11) leads to a 12) revolution.
Industrial Revolution: 1000’s 1) move to the
2) cities for 3) better life. But they 4) don’t get a
5) better life there. Food and 6) supplies that
were 7) meant to be 8) shipped to the 9) cities
are 10) shipped to 11) soldiers at the 12) front.
People in the 13) cities are left 14) starving.
Chapter 18: The Eastern Front
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Russia in War: 1) Russian troops move
into 2) German territory. 3) 2½ million 4)
die there. Russians 5) continue fighting
even when they run out of 6) ammunition.
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Monarchy: 1) Government or 2) state
headed by a sole 3) ruler like a 4) King or
Queen.
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Czarina Alexandra: 1) Queen of Russia. She
2) takes control of 3) Russia because 4) her husband, Czar
5) Nicholas is 6) weak. She 7) tells lies and 8) spreads
rumors. She is 9) horrible to her 10) people. The
11) Russian people are 12) disgusted with the 13) way she
14) acts, and they 15) withdraw their 16) support of the
17) monarchy. Alexandra 18) throws her 19) support to a
Russian 20) priest, named 21) Rasputin. Rasputin is
22) rumored to be 23) crazy. She 24) gives him almost
25) unlimited power . She 26) believes that her
27) son will 28) die if she 29) does not support
29) Rasputin.
Chapter 18: The Eastern Front
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Hemophilia: A 1) disease of the 2) blood
which causes a 3) person to 4) bleed to
death. The 5) blood does not 6) clot.
Prince 7) Alexis, son of 8) Nicholas and
9) Alexandra is a 10) hemophiliac. This is
11) kept a 12) secret from the 13) Russian
people.
Chapter 18: The Eastern Front
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Rasputin: A 1) priest who caused 2) great
turmoil in the Russian 3) Government. He
4) appointed corrupt leaders and
5) undermined military strategy. The
6) people of Russia 7) hated Rasputin.
The 8) Nobles kill him and this 9) starts
the 10) Russian Revolution.
Chapter 18: The Eastern Front
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Russian Revolution: Begins 1) March 8, 1917.
The Russian 2) people are 3) starving, they
4) demand food. Workers 5) take over the
6) factories, soldiers 7) desert the 8) army and
the 9) peasants seize the land.
March 15, 1917: Czar 1) Nicholas gives up the
2) Throne. This 3) begins the 4) communist take
5) over of Russia. The 6) Czar, his wife
7) Alexandra and all their 8) children are
9) executed.
Chapter 18: The Eastern Front
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Duma: A 1) provisional government 2) formed by the
3) Russian Parliament. Internal 4) fighting made
5) it ineffective.
Bolsheviks: A new 1) group arose that later formed
the 2) communist party. It was 3) led by 4) Lenin. It
5) appealed to the 6) people because they 7)
offered to 8) end the 9) war, give 10) land to the 11)
peasants and placed all 12) authority in their 13)
hands.
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Life under Lenin: Lenin 1) ends all 2) private
ownership of 3) land. He 4) gives all this to the 5)
government. The 6) congress is 7) controlled by
8) him. So he is 9) now in 10) control of all the 11)
land, factories and 12) government.
People in 13) Russia are 14) unhappy about all
the 15) changes but there is 16) little they can do.
Cheka:is a 1) political force 2) established by 3)
Lenin. If anyone 4) disagrees with 5) him they
were put in 6) prison or 7) killed. In 8) July 1918,
the Cheka 9) executes Czar 10) Nicholas and his
11) family.
Chapter 18: The Eastern Front
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Soviets: 1) Councils made up of 2) workers,
soldiers and 3) peasants.
“Power 1) based directly upon 2) force and
3) unrestricted by any 4) laws” was 5) Lenin’s
theory of 6) rule.
Treaty of Brest-Litovsk: Signed 1) 3/1918, Lenin
signs. 2 2) million Russian 3) soldiers die on the
4) Eastern Front. Treaty 5) forces Russia to
6) give up Poland, 7) Finland, and the
8) Baltic States of Latvia,9) Estonia, and
Lithuania.
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Chapter 19: The Yanks Over There
1917: U.S. 1) enters the 2) war. U.S.
3) troops, are 4) fresh and 5) in good
shape physically. This 6) helped to 7) lift
British and 8) French morale.
Chateau-Thierry: Spring 1918: 1) German
troops 2) move in. Bloody 3) battle
happens. Out of 4) 8000 U.S. troops
5) 5183, or 6) 65 % are 7) killed or
8) wounded.
Army Women: Women 1) joined the 2) war
effort by 3) driving ambulances, serving
4) as nurses and for the 5) 1st time, as
6) clerks and 7) stenographers
 President Wilson: “1) Equal Work For
2) Equal Pay”- Wilson 3) called for 4) women
who were 5) paid less then 6) men for the
7) same job to be 8) paid the same. They
9) were all fired when the 10) war was over.
African 11) Americans and 12) Mexican
Americans filled the 13) labor shortage as well.
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Chapter 19: The Yanks Over There
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Lost Battalion: A group of 1) U.S. Troops
that held a 2) position on a 3) battlefield at
all 4) costs. American 5) gunners made
6) a mistake and 7) fired on their 8) own
men. American still 9) would not
surrender. After 10) 5 days they were
rescued out of 11) 700 men, only
12) a FEW survived.
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Chapter 19: The Yanks Over There
Doughboy: Nickname for “1) Yanks” or
U.S. 2) Soldiers. They were 3) called that
because of the 4) white dust that
5) covered them as they marched.
Chapter 19: The Yanks Over There
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Lives Lost: 1) 26, 277 Americans 2) die
AEF: 1) American Expeditionary Forces- Special
2) Forces made up of 3) Army, Navy and Marines
African-American Role in WW I: They were s
1) egregated. They took a few 2) African
Americans and 3) trained them. They were then
4) made officers of 5) segregated all African
6) American troops.
Chapter 20: Winning the War at home
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Propaganda: The 1) spreading of 2)ideas to 3) influence
someone else's 4) opinion. All 5) information that is 6)spread
is one sided.
School Garden Army: 1) boys and 2) girls who 3) worked in
school yards and vacant lots by planting and harvesting food
used for the war effort.
Fighting the War with Food: Crops in Europe had been
destroyed by fighting. American troops and the allies
depended on the U.S. for food. Women and children
supplied the labor and the food.
“Wheatless Monday’s & Meatless Tuesdays’ Herbert Hoover,
Head of the Food Administration asked Americans to make
sacrifices for the soldiers. Americans had “Wheatless
Mondays, and Meatless Tuesdays” to save wheat and meat
for the troops.
Women in Factories: 5 million Americans left jobs to go to
war. This created a labor shortage, that women, AfricanAmericans, and Mexican-Americans filled. They kept the
factories running to support the war.
Chapter 20: Winning the War at Home
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Selling the War: The 1) Federal Government worked
hard to 2) persuade people to 3)support the war. They
used 4) posters in 5) schools, stores and 6) theatres to
“7) sell” the war.
Liberty Bonds: The 1)Treasury Department held a
2) series of drives to 3)sell bonds to support the war.
The 4) public lent the government 5) money
for the 6) war by having these 7) bonds.
Liberty 8) Bonds brought in 9) 20 billion
dollars. Taxes on 10) tobacco and
11) booze also go up to 12) support the
13) war.
Chapter 20: Winning the War at Home
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Pacifists: people who are opposed to all violence and war.
At the time of WW I many pacifist are arrested by the U.S.
Justice Department for this belief.
Socialist: people who believe that the most important parts of
the economic system, factories, mines, railroads, etc. should
be owned and operated by the government for the people
Murderous Huns: The public thought of German-Americans
as Murderous Huns, German books are burned and German
businesses are forced to close
Patriotic Gangs: These gangs spied on anyone they thought
was against the war. They made life miserable for them as
well as German-Americans.
Sedition Act of 1918: Congress passed this to silence any
opposition to the war. It made it a crime to speak out against
the war or say anything “Disloyal” about the government or
armed services.
Chapter 21: The Peace that Failed
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11 am, 11th day, 11th Month, 1918: guns fell silent all over the
battlefields of France, WW I is over at last. 10 million people
had lost their lives. People went wild with joy.
Big Four: Leaders of the countries who would write the
Treaty of Versailles. Pres. Woodrow Wilson, U.S., Georges
Clemenceau`, France, Vittorio Orlando, Italy, David Lloyd
George, England. Wilson wanted “peace without victory” he
did not want to punish Germany. The others did.
Fourteen Point: Wilson’s plan for peace. The other allied
leaders didn’t agree with it. They blamed Germany for the
deaths and damages of war and wanted Germany to pay for
it.
Reparations: are payments for the damages suffered during
a war. France , Italy, and Japan wanted territory from
Germany and a lot of money as reparations. The allies
wanted to make Germany weak.
Chapter 21 : The Peace that Failed
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The League of Nations: an organization of nations to prevent
future wars. It would discipline nations for breaking peace.
Allies did not want to accept this. Wilson is forced to give up
many of the 14 points to get the nations to sign. U.S. does
not join.
Treaty-Germany: At first Germany refuses to sign it. They
felt betrayed because they were promised all 14 points.
They said that if they had known that it was going to be that
harsh, they would not have stopped fighting. Finally they
signed it because they had no choice, their people were
starving and they had given up their weapons.
Treaty of Versailles; It is named after the place where it was
signed. The Germans are angry. Financial payments they
had to pay as reparations were a tremendous burden. It took
the German economy years to recover form these. The
German people are mad about the occupation of their land
and the war guilt clause. This turns the German people
Chapter 21 : The Peace that Failed
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Losing the League: Wilson asks the senate to ratify the treaty
and make the U.S. part of the League of Nations. Senators
vote against it because of isolationism.
Isolationist: Is someone who believes in the complete
separation of one country from another. They want to stay
isolated.
Article 10: In the League of Nations: created allies among its
members. It stated the if 1 nation in the League was
attacked the other members had to help defend it. This is the
part that worried most senators. They were afraid we would
get drawn back in war.
Filibuster: A tactic used at government meetings to take up
time to kill a bill, law, or treaty from being passed.
Wilson-Stroke: Pres. Wilson gives a big speech in favor of
the Treaty and the League of Nations. He comes back to
D.C. and has a stroke. The treaty is voted down. Wilson’s
dreams are shattered, he has a stroke in office and he dies 4
Chapter 21 : The Peace that Failed
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Henry Cabot Lodge: was a Senator from
Massachusetts. He led the fight against
the Treaty Of Versailles, and League of
Nations. Article 10 really bothered him.
He was an isolationist. He pulls a
filibuster that lasts for 2 weeks. Wilson
pleads with the American people to
support the League of Nations, the Senate
votes it down. The U.S. does not join the
League of Nations.
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1) WH Turner
2) Czar Nicholas
3) The Great War
4) Teddy Roosevelt
5) Salibury Steak
6) Nationalism
7) Sedition Act of 1918
8) France
9) Pershing
10) 14 Point Plan
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11) Herbert Hoover
12) Rasputin
13) Nations
14) Wilson
15) U Boat
16) Bolsheiviks
17) Pacifists
18) WW I
19) The Treaty of Versailles
20) Central Powers
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21) Isonlationists
22) Total Devistation
23) Propaganda
24) SKIP
25) Lenin
26) Mata Hari
27) Lenin
28) Versailles, France
29) 200,000
Fairly
Betrayed
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30) 1200
31) 1919
32) 27 Million
33) Liberty Cabbage
34) Draft, right to inprision anyone who
disagreed with the government.
35) They could not get supplies.
36) France
37) 18
38) Food, Supplies, Guns
39) Have the Rough Riders serve, even
though they were in thei 60’s and 70’s.
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Rabbit, whale, horse
They were days when people did not eat
meat or wheat to save supplies for the
troops.