Transcript Unit 4 World War I Power Point 1

Unit 4: World War I
World War I
Archduke Franz Ferdinand: 1:Assassinated
with his wife on 2:June 28, 1914 by
3: Serb Rebels. Their death 4:triggers
WWI. 5: Austria-Hungary wanted to
6: punish Serbia because of this.
Serbia: Small country (1) ruled by Austria-Hungary they
want their independence.
Neutral: not (1) favoring either (2) side.
Allied Powers: Russia, (1) Romania, Serbia, Greece, Albania,
(2) Montenegro, Italy, Switzerland, France,
(3) Netherlands, Belgium, (4) Great Britain, Portugal,
(5) U.S.
Central Powers: Germany, (1) Austria-Hungary, Turkey,
(2) Bulgaria
WWI: lasted (1) 4 years
Lives Lost: (1) 10 million killed
Cost: $ (1) 337 Billion dollars
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Treaty of Versailles: A (1) peace agreement that (2)
ended WWI. It (3) changed the map of
(4) Europe and was (5) a large cause of WWII.
CAUSES OF WAR
 Nationalism: A great (1) sense of (2) pride for your
(3) country
 Stockpiling: (1) Collecting lots of (2) weapons and
(3) saving them for use in (4) war
 Alliances: A (1) promise from one (2) nation to
(3) another to (4) help each other in (5) case of a
(6) war. A “ (7)I got your Back” mentality.
 Ethnic Pride: (1) Some people of certain ethnic
(2) backgrounds felt they were (3) better than
(4) others. Each ethnic (5) group wants its own
(6) nation.
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Foreign Colonies: (1) European
countries and (2) the U.S. believed
that they (3) needed foreign colonies
(4) for money. Germany (5) didn’t
have many (6)colonies and they
(7) wanted more. England and
(8)France are (9) afraid of
(10) Germany
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U.S. Position:
 Neutral: America tries to stay neutral under President
Wilson. He wins his election based on this.
 Propaganda: Allies and Germany start a propaganda
war. Both sides want to win American to their side.
Both sides try to make Americans think that the other
side was wrong.
 Allies: Most Americans favored the allies, which were
England and France.
Lusitania: An ocean liner carrying passengers , including
128 Americans, is sank, in 1915 by a German Sub. This
turns America and Americans against Germany.
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1917- (1) Germany sinks several (2) American
Ships.
U.S. at War: Americans are (1) slow to react to
the (2) war in (3) Europe.
Wartime Powers: (1) Congress gives
(2) President Wilson special (3) “war time”
powers. (4) Wilson now has the (5) right to
(6) take over industries, (7) restrict free
(8) speech and (9) civil rights, a (10) violation of
the (11) constitution, and (12) enact the
(13) draft.
Draft: a (1) program started by the
(2) government to (3) supply the (4) military with
(5) soldiers.
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Anti-German Sentiment: (1) Propaganda and
the (2) war against (3) Germany effects how
people (4) feel about (5) German-Americans.
German (6) language stops being (7) taught in
(8) schools, German (9) author’s books are
(10) burned.
Self-determination: the (1) right of each
(2) ethnic group to decide who will (3) govern or
rule it.
Peace Terms: (1) Allies impose (2) SEVERE
peace (3) terms on (4) Germany. The (5) Allies
want to (6) punish Germany for the (7) war.
This act (8) lays the (9) foundation for (10)
WWII.
CHAPTER 16: They’ve Sunk The Lusitania
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U-Boats: German (1) Submarines. Germany (2)
stated that (3) they would (3) sink any (4) ship that
(5) entered the (6) war zone. This was (7)
disobeying the (8) rules of (9)international laws.
Captain Walter Schweiger: He was (1) captain of
the (2) U-Boat that (3) sunk the (10) Lusitania.
U.S. reaction to sinking: (1) Americans are (2)
shocked and (3) outraged. 1200 (4) people die.
Many of them are (5) women and children.
Americans are (6) furious with (7) Germany and all
(8) Germans.
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International Law: Is a (1) set of rules that (2)
nations are (3) supposed to (4) obey in their (5)
relations with (6) each other.
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British Blockade: England's (1) Navy controls all
the (2) water. It does (3) not allow any (4) ships
to carry (5) supplies to any (6) German ports.
Newspaper Warning: International (1) Law
states that (2) warships have to (3) give a
warning before (4) attacking a merchant (5)
ship. German’s place an (6) ad warning
Lusitania (7) passengers in newspapers. No (8)
one pays any (9) attention to it.
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Captain W.H. Turner: He is (1) Captain of the
(2) Lusitiania. He (3) ignores orders to
(4) zig-zag, because he (5) doesn’t want to
(6) upset passengers.
President Wilson (1) becomes very (2) upset
with the (3) sinking and says that (4) Americans
can travel (5) wherever they (6) want to
(7) because they are (8) neutral. Germany says
that the (9) Lusitania is carrying (10) weapons
and it (11) was an (12) act of (13) self-defense.
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Germany’s Assurance: (1) Germany announces
in (2) May 1916, that they would (3) obey the
(4) international laws. They (5) state that they
(6) won’t sink unarmed (7) ships. Wilson then
gets (8) re-elected as (9) President with the
campaign slogan “HE (10) KEPT US OUT OF
WAR!”
Wilhelm II: Jan. 1917: German (1) government
resumes (2) unlimited attacks on all (3) ships.
The (4) German Emperor and (5) 1st cousin to
CZAR (6) Nicholas, is over (7) confident. He
does (8) not feel that there is (9) anyway that
(11) Germany can be (12) defeated.
April 6, 1917: (1) U.S. declares (2) war on (3)
Germany.
Chapter 17: The Horrors of The
Western Front
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Battle of the Somme: (1) England with the help
(2) of Canadian volunteers (3) came to the (4)
aid of (5) French Troops. They (6) wanted to (7)
drive back the (8) German Army. Battles rage
from (9) June to November in 1916. Over (10) 1
million people (11) killed. Allied troops (12) win
a total of (13) 7 square (14) miles.
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Trench Warfare:
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Trenches: Long (1) narrow ditches dug by
soldiers to (2) hide and (3) cover themselves.
Soldiers (4) would wait for (5) a break in the
(6) fighting/firing and then (7) charge out of
the (8) trenches where (9) many of them
would (9) die.
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Front: a (1) area that
runs (2) 450 miles across
(3) Belgium, France and
Switzerland that utilized
(4) trench warfare. Between
(5) 1914-1918 millions die there.
French (6) country side is
(7) destroyed from all the
(8) fighting.
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Trench Warfare:
1914-1918: (1) German and (2) Allied forces
use (3) trenches for (4) warfare.
 Diaries of the Dead: Stories from the
(1) diaries that were (2) found on (3) dead
soldiers. Many of them (4) wrote about how
(5) their lives were forever (6) changed by
the (7) death and (8) destruction that (9) they
saw.
 New Technology: (1) Modern warfare (2)
technology included: (3) poisonous gases,
(4) fighter planes, machine (5) guns,
grenades, (6) tanks and (7) u-boats.
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German soldiers in a well-constructed trench in France pick lice out
of their clothes. By the end of 1914, the Western Front had
solidified into two systems of trenches running across France.
Go To Over The Top
Chapter 18: The Eastern Front
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Nikolai Lenin: A revolutionary who dreamed of
overthrowing the Czar in Russia. He wanted to lead a
revolution to take over the government by the workers.
Czar Nicholas II: King or Czar of Russia. He draws
Russia into war so that he could regain control over his
subjects. The Russian people are poor, oppressed and
hungry. They do not favor the Czar.
Parliamentary Government: a form of Government made
by the Russian people after a series of strikes. Czar
Nicholas won’t recognize this new “government” and he
refuses to give up power. This leads to a revolution.
Industrial Revolution: 1000’s move to the cities for better
life. But they don’t get a better life there. Food and
supplies that were meant to be shipped to the cities are
shipped to soldiers at the front. People in the cities are
left starving.
Chapter 18: The Eastern Front
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Russia in War: Russian troops move into German
territory. 2½ million die there. Russians continue fighting
even when they run out of ammunition.
Monarchy: Government or state headed by a sole ruler
like a King or Queen.
Czarina Alexandra: Queen of Russia. She takes control
of Russia because her husband, Czar Nicholas is weak.
She tells lies and spreads rumors. She is horrible to her
people. The Russian people are disgusted with the way
she acts, and they withdraw their support of the
monarchy. Alexandra throws her support to a Russian
priest, named Rasputin. Rasputin is rumored to be
crazy. She gives him almost unlimited power . She
believes that her son will die if she does not support
Rasputin.
Chapter 18: The Eastern Front
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Hemophilia: A disease of the blood which
causes a person to bleed to death. The
blood does not clot. Prince Alexis, son of
Nicholas and Alexandra is a hemophiliac.
This is kept a secret from the Russian
people.
Chapter 18: The Eastern Front
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Rasputin: A priest who caused great
turmoil in the Russian Government. He
appointed corrupt leaders and undermined
military strategy. The people of Russia
hated Rasputin. The Nobles kill him and
this starts the Russian Revolution.
Chapter 18: The Eastern Front
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Russian Revolution: Begins March 8, 1917. The
Russian people are starving, they demand food.
Workers take over the factories, soldiers desert
the army and the peasants seize the land.
March 15, 1917: Czar Nicholas gives up the
Throne. This begins the communist take over of
Russia. The Czar, his wife Alexandra and all
their children are executed.
Chapter 18: The Eastern Front
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Duma: A provisional government formed by the Russian
Parliament. Internal fighting made it ineffective.
Bolsheviks: A new group arose that later formed the
communist party. It was led by Lenin. It appealed to the
people because they offered to end the war, give land to the
pheasants and placed all authority in their hands.
Life under Lenin: Lenin ends all private ownership of land.
He gives all this to the government. The congress is
controlled by him. So he is now in control of all the land,
factories and government. People in Russia are unhappy
about all the changes but there is little they can do.
Cheka:is a political force established by Lenin. If anyone
disagrees with him they were put in prison or killed. In July
1918, the Cheka executes Czar Nicholas and his family.
Chapter 18: The Eastern Front
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Soviets: Councils made up of workers, soldiers
and peasants.
“Power based directly upon force and
unrestricted by any laws” was Lenin’s theory of
rule.
Treaty of Brest-Litovsk: Signed 3/1918, Lenin
signs. 2 million Russian soldiers die on the
Eastern Front. Treaty forces Russia to give up
Poland, Finland, and the Baltic States of Latvia,
Estonia, and Lithuania.
Chapter 19: The Yanks Over There
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1917: U.S. enters the war. U.S. troops, are fresh and in
good shape physically. This helped to lift British and
French morale.
Chateau-Thierry: Spring 1918: German troops move in.
Bloody battle happens. Out of 8000 U.S. troops 5183, or
65 % are killed or wounded.
Army Women: Women joined the war effort by driving
ambulances, serving as nurses and for the 1st time, as
clerks and stenographers
President Wilson: “Equal Work For Equal Pay”- Wilson
called for women who were paid less then men for the
same job to be paid the same. They were all fired when
the war was over. African Americans and Mexican
Americans filled the labor shortage as well.
Chapter 19: The Yanks Over There
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Lost Battalion: A group of U.S. Troops that
held a position on a battlefield at all costs.
American gunners made a mistake and
fired on their own men. American still
would not surrender. After 5 days they
were rescued out of 700 men only 252
survived.
Chapter 19: The Yanks Over There
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Doughboy: Nickname for “Yanks” or U.S.
Soldiers. They were called that because
of the white dust that covered them as
they marched.
Chapter 19: The Yanks Over There
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Lives Lost: 26, 277 Americans die
AEF: American Expeditionary Forces- Special
Forces made up of Army, Navy and Marines
African-American Role in WW I: They were
segregated. They took a few African Americans
and trained them. They were then made officers
of segregated all African American troops.
Chapter 20: Winning the War at home
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Propaganda: The spreading of ideas to influence someone
else's opinion. All information that is spread is one sided.
School Garden Army: boys and girls who worked in school
yards and vacant lots by planting and harvesting food used
for the war effort.
Fighting the War with Food: Crops in Europe had been
destroyed by fighting. American troops and the allies
depended on the U.S. for food. Women and children
supplied the labor and the food.
“Wheatless Monday’s &Meatless Tuesdays’ Herbert Hoover,
Head of the Food Administration asked Americans to make
sacrifices for the soldiers. Americans had “Wheatless
Mondays, and Meatless Tuesdays” to save wheat and meat
or the troops.
Women in Factories: 5 million Americans left jobs to go to
war. This created a labor shortage, that women, AfricanAmericans, and Mexican-Americans filled. They kept the
factories running to support the war.
Chapter 20: Winning the War at Home
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Selling the War: The Federal Government worked hard
to persuade people to support the war. They used
posters in schools, stores and theatres to “sell” the war.
Liberty Bonds: The Treasury Department held a series of
drives to sell bonds to support the war.
The public lent the government money
for the war by having these bonds.
Liberty Bonds brought in 20 billion
dollars. Taxes on tobacco and
booze also go up to support the
war.
Chapter 20: Winning the War at Home
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Pacifists: people who are opposed to all violence and war.
At the time of WW I many pacifist are arrested by the U.S.
Justice Department for this belief.
Socialist: people who believe that the most important parts of
the economic system, factories, mines, railroads, etc. should
be owned and operated by the government for the people
Murderous Huns: The public thought of German-Americans
as Murderous Huns, German books are burned and German
businesses are forced to close
Patriotic Gangs: These gangs spied on anyone they thought
was against the war. They made life miserable for them as
well as German-Americans.
Sedition Act of 1918: Congress passed this to silence any
opposition to the war. It made it a crime to speak out against
the war or say anything “Disloyal” about the government or
armed services.
Chapter 21: The Peace that Failed
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11 am, 11th day, 11th Month, 1918: guns fell silent all over the
battlefields of France, WW I is over at last. 10 million people
had lost their lives. People went wild with joy.
Big Four: Leaders of the countries who would write the
Treaty of Versailles. Pres. Woodrow Wilson, U.S., Georges
Clemenceau`, France, Vittorio Orlando, Italy, David Lloyd
George, England. Wilson wanted “peace without victory” he
did not want to punish Germany. The others did.
Fourteen Point: Wilson’s plan for peace. The other allied
leaders didn’t agree with it. They blamed Germany for the
deaths and damages of war and wanted Germany to pay for
it.
Reparations: are payments for the damages suffered during
a war. France , Italy, and Japan wanted territory from
Germany and a lot of money as reparations. The allies
wanted to make Germany weak.
Chapter 21 : The Peace that Failed
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The League of Nations: an organization of nations to prevent
future wars. It would discipline nations for breaking peace.
Allies did not want to accept this. Wilson is forced to give up
many of the 14 points to get the nations to sign. U.S. does
not join.
Treaty-Germany: At first Germany refuses to sign it. They
felt betrayed because they were promised all 14 points.
They said that if they had known that it was going to be that
harsh, they would not have stopped fighting. Finally they
signed it because they had no choice, their people were
starving and they had given up their weapons.
Treaty of Versailles; It is named after the place where it was
signed. The Germans are angry. Financial payments they
had to pay as reparations were a tremendous burden. It took
the German economy years to recover form these. The
German people are mad about the occupation of their land
and the war guilt clause. This turns the German people
Chapter 21 : The Peace that Failed
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Losing the League: Wilson asks the senate to ratify the treaty
and make the U.S. part of the League of Nations. Senators
vote against it because of isolationism.
Isolationist: Is someone who believes in the complete
separation of one country from another. They want to stay
isolated.
Article 10: In the League of Nations: created allies among its
members. It stated the if 1 nation in the League was
attacked the other members had to help defend it. This is the
part that worried most senators. They were afraid we would
get drawn back in war.
Filibuster: A tactic used at government meetings to take up
time to kill a bill, law, or treaty from being passed.
Wilson-Stroke: Pres. Wilson gives a big speech in favor of
the Treaty and the League of Nations. He comes back to
D.C. and has a stroke. The treaty is voted down. Wilson’s
dreams are shattered, he has a stroke in office and he dies 4
Chapter 21 : The Peace that Failed
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Henry Cabot Lodge: was a Senator from
Massachusetts. He led the fight against
the Treaty Of Versailles, and League of
Nations. Article 10 really bothered him.
He was an isolationist. He pulls a
filibuster that lasts for 2 weeks. Wilson
pleads with the American people to
support the League of Nations, the Senate
votes it down. The U.S. does not join the
League of Nations.