Transcript 3 Ways to Include Information in Your Paper

3 Ways to Include Information in
Your Paper
Short Quotes, & Paraphrases and
how to Cite them Parenthetically
(In-Text)
But First a Word about Signal Phrases
• A signal phrase lets the reader know that a
quote from a source is coming up soon. Wit a
short quote , no punctuation is necessary but
if it precedes a block quote, it should be
followed by a colon.
• Signal phrases in this powerpoint are indicated
in italics.
Quotes of Fewer than 4 lines of Text:
• I can identify with the author when he is stuck at
a grade two level of thinking, “For grade two
thinking destroys without having the power to
create” (Golding 220).
• The Author makes a good point, “the team that
survives this merry-go-round spectacle of skilled
masochism with the fewest incapacitating injuries
usually wins” (McMurtry 310).
Format of the Short Quote
• Signal phrase introducing the quote followed by a
comma, semi-colon, colon, or no punctuation
depending on sentence flow.
• Exact words from the text in quotation marks
with NO punctuation at the end, unless the
copied material ends in a question mark or
exclamation point
• Parenthetical citation including author’s last
name and page number(s) where the quote came
from then period outside of the final parenthesis.
The Block Quote
(Quotes More than 4 Lines):
• The author’s point is well taken:
(2 tabs) Their [football and war] principles
and practices are alike: mass hysteria,
the art of intimidation, absolute
command and total obedience,
territorial aggression, censorship,
inflated insignia and propaganda,
blackboard maneuvers and strategies,
drills, uniforms, formations, marching
bands, and training camps. (McMurtry 310)
Format of the Block Quote
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Signal Phrase followed by a colon:
4 or more lines of copied, typed text
Whole Quote is indented 2 tabs
NO quotation marks
Ending period/punctuation in the normal place
Parenthetical citation including the author’s last
name and page number(s) where the quote came
from.
• NO punctuation after the last parentheses
• NEVER longer than 2 paragraphs
Paraphrase: Info from text summarized
in your own words
• Original Text Language
– Meditation refers to any of a family of
practices in which the practitioner trains
his or her mind or self-induces a mode of
consciousness in order to realize some
benefit.
– Meditation is generally an internally
invoked, personal practice, which an
individual can do by themselves. Prayer
beads or other ritual objects may be
used during meditation. Meditation may
involve invoking or cultivating a feeling or
internal state, such as compassion, or
attending to a specific focal point. The
term can refer to the state itself, as well
as to practices or techniques employed
to cultivate the state.
– There are dozens or more specific styles
of meditation practice, the word
meditation may carry different meanings
in different contexts. Meditation has
been practiced since antiquity as a
component of numerous religious
traditions.
• Your Cited Summary
– Many people are benefitted
by meditation, an activity that
allows them to discipline their
own brains. It is usually
practiced in private, and
sometimes people use
objects to improve their
focus. Meditation can be
used to achieve a particular
state of mind, such as being
compassionate. It takes many
different forms and is
sometimes connected with
religion. (Wikipedia
Contributor 1)
Format of the Paraphrase
• Regular paragraph form: Indent 1 tab for 1st line
afterwards goes to left margin. NO signal phrase.
• NO quotation marks
• Must be your own words and your own sentence
structures; do not just substitute synonyms or imitate
the author’s style
• If you must use a word or phrase of the author’s put
ONLY that in quotes.
• Period in the normal spot at the end of the sentence.
• Parenthetical citation including author’s last name and
page number(s) where the original information came
from, then period outside the final parenthesis.
Paraphrase that mentions author
In his work, “Thinking as a Hobby,”
Golding’s description of his “amoral system” is
hilarious, and it is understandable that a system
that does away with things like armies and
marriage might be unacceptable to today’s
establishment (222).
When and Where to Cite
• There should be a citation at the end of every
paragraph that contains copied/ paraphrased
(summarized) information (Lunsford 181).
• If you copied/ paraphrased TWO or MORE
paragraphs worth of information, there must be a
parenthetical citation at the end of each
paragraph (Lunsford 181-82).
• Unless you mention the author in the
immediately prior signal phrase or the quote
itself, you must include his/her name in the
citation (Lunsford 182).