Transcript 20c China - New York City Department of Education

AIM: How did China evolved from a republic to a
communist society?
DO NOW: True or False?
1. China had many internal problems which included the
Taiping Rebellion and Boxer Rebellion. __________
True
2. Italy and Spain were some of the countries that were
included in the Spheres of Influence. _________
False
3. The Qing Dynasty fell and China became a republic.
_________
True
HW: Create a diagram showing the
differences/similarities between communism and
capitalism.
“ We have the greatest population
and the oldest culture but we are
the poorest and weakest state in
the world. Other countries are the
carving knife and the serving dish
and we are the meat and the fish.”
1. Who is the narrator talking about? The narrator is
China
talking about _____________.
2. What countries are the carving knife and serving dish? The
Japan
England ___________,
France
countries are _________,___________,
_____________
Germany
& ___________.
Russia
3. Who do you think is speaking? I think _____________
_______ may be speaking.
#1 Dr. Sun Yixian
(18661925) President of the Chinese
Republic after the fall of the Qing
Dynasty.
“ We have the greatest
population and the oldest
culture but we are the poorest
and weakest state in the
world. Other countries are
the carving knife and the
serving dish and China is the
meat and the fish.”
(Dr. Sun Yat-sen)
Chinese Warlords,
1920s
Yuan Shi-kai
China in 1924
Is China unified in 1924?
# 2 Mao Zedong -
was a Chinese military
and political leader who led the Communist Party of China (CPC) to
victory against the Kuomintang (KMT) in the Chinese Civil War, and
was the leader of the People’s Republic of China (PRC) from its
establishment in 1949 until his death in 1976.
(Mao Tse-tung)
The Long March
Survivors of the
March
Japanese Aggression
1931 - 1945
Victims of the Japanese
bombing of Shanghai.
Japanese Soldiers March
into Nanking (Nanjing)
December 9, 1937
The Japanese Invasion,
1937
Remains of Chinese
Children Bayoneted
by Japanese Soldiers
Japanese Bayonet
Practice
Beheadings Took
Place in Public!
Chinese Prisoners Were
Often
Beheaded & Displayed
UNIT 731: Bio-Chemical
Warfare
UNIT 731: Live
Human Dissections
The Peoples’ Liberation
Army, 1949
The Communist Victory
Taiwan: The Republic
of China
The People’s Republic
of China
Reasons for the
Communists’ Success
► Mao won support of peasants – land
► Mao won support of women
► Mao’s army used guerilla war tactics
► Many saw the Nationalist government
as corrupt
► Many felt that the Nationalists allowed
foreigners to dominate China.
Great Leap Forward, 1958
► 5 year plan to increase agriculture
and industry
► Communes
 Groups of people who live and work
together
 Property held in common
 Had production quotas
► Failed due to poor quality of
products, poor weather hurt
agriculture
Communist China
Under Mao
Industrialized China
Increased literacy
Class privileges ended
Rural Chinese received health
care
► One-party dictatorship
► Denied people basic rights and
freedoms --> Inner Mongolia,
Tibet
►
►
►
►
Mao, Panchen Lama,
Dalai Lama
in Beijing, 1954
► Tibet --> an
autonomous
area.
► Dalai Lama
fled in the
late 1950s to
India.
A Campaign Against the
“FOUR OLDS”
► Old Thoughts
► Old Culture
► Old Customs
► Old Habits
To Rebel Is Good!
Communist China Under Mao
► Designed to renew revolutionary
spirit and establish a more
equitable society
► Mao wanted to put “intellectuals”
in their place
► Schools shut down – students
revolted
► Red Guards – students who
attacked professors, government
officials, factory managers
A Red Guard
Red Guards March to
Canton
With regard to the great teacher Chairman
Mao, cherish the word 'Loyalty'. With regard
to the great Mao Zedong Thought, vigorously
stress the word 'Usefullness'. (1968)
Cult of Personality
The reddest, reddest, red sun in our
heart, Chairman Mao, and us together
Zhejiang Workers, Farmers and Soldiers
Art Academy collective, 1968
Mao’s
Little Red
Book
Propaganda Poster
Go among the workers, peasants and
soldiers, and into the thick of struggle!
1967-1972
Propaganda Poster
Propaganda Poster
Propaganda Poster
“Ping-Pong Diplomacy”:
U. S. Players at Great
Wall, 1971
Mao Meets President
Nixon, 1972
Power Struggle
Modernists
1976
Communist
Traditionalists
Zhou Enlai
“The Gang of Four”:
Jiang Qin, Chen Boda, Wang
Hongwen, Yao Wenyuan
Deng Xiaoping
(1905-1997)
De-Maoization
“The 4 Modernizations”
Progress in:
► Agriculture
► Industry
► Science
► Defense
Class struggle was no longer the central focus!
Gap Between Rich &
Poor
Deng: If you open a window, some flies
naturally get in!
Tiananmen Square,
1989
More democracy!
Tiananmen Square,
1989
Student activist, Wang Dan, Beijing University
Tiananmen Square,
1989
Democracy—Our Common Ideal!
Tiananmen Square,
1989
The
“Goddess
of
Democracy”
Tiananmen Square,
1989
The Government Clamps Down
Tiananmen Square,
1989
One Lone Man’s Protest
Tiananmen Square,
1989
The Massacre: The People’s Army Moves In
Tiananmen Square,
1989
The Massacre: A Human Body Crushed by
an Army Tank
Tiananmen Square,
1989
The Army Looks for Dissidents
Tiananmen Square,
1989
Student Leaders Are Arrested
Tiananmen Square,
1989
Chinese Students Mourn the Dead
Tiananmen Square,
1989
The Reestablishment of Order
What’s the Message
Here?
Demography
► may be no surer predictor of
destiny than trade data. But of
the two momentous changes
championed by Deng Xiaoping a
quarter-century ago, coercive
population controls and experiments
with market economics, the jury is
still out on which will do more to
shape China's long-term potential.
Demography
Demography
►There are
too many
retirees in
China, and not
enough young
people to
replace them.
Demography
► "The evidence is overwhelming that a
large population of unmarried adult
males is a risk factor for both crime
and war," Ms. den Boer said in an
interview. "The fact that China is an
authoritarian country is another risk
factor."