Transcript Taipei 101 - RiccartonHSInquiry

Each tower was supported by a structural core
extending from its foundation in the bedrock to
the roof. This inner core housed all of the
elevator’s and stairwells as well as having a
flooring system structurally independent of the
outer walls. This entire core structure was 100%
steel framed and was made to reduce weight
and increase strength.
The perimeter walls and the inner core were supported by crossbraces running horizontally all of the way up the buildings.
Because of the WTC’s immense height, the steel framed core
increased the structures strength, something which would prove
to be important.
The WTC’s were the first skyscraper’s to be built without any
masonry, instead they were mainly steel. When construction
had finished in 1971 200,000 ton’s of steel had been used in
each tower.
Construction process’ which would usually have to be done in
sequence could be done quickly and at the same time due to
the openness of the hollow structure.
The inner core of steel was constructed
bit by bit, and the perimeter walls and
floors were built around it. By the time
the building was finished the steel
beams in the core were the length of
the building.
On September 11, 2001 two airliners, hijacked by Al Qaeda
members were intentionally flown into the World Trade
Centres. Within 2 hours of being hit, both towers had
collapsed. The manner in which they did however has been
hotly debated since.
The towers ‘pancaked’ which means the stories falling above
caused the ones below to collapse, making the building fall
straight down.
There remains some doubt regarding this story. Many people
believe that the steel inside should have held it up and even
if it did collapse that it shouldn’t have pancaked or fallen at
the speed it did.
Post-9/11 reports have confirmed that the WTC’s
were certainly strong enough to withstand the plane
crash and that a internal fires wouldn’t have
damaged or weakened the structure enough to
destroy it.
•The Colosseum was used
to host gladiatorial shows
as well as a variety of
other entertainment.
•The Colosseum was the
largest ever built.
•The Colosseum is oval shaped with 2 axis, long
. one is 188 m and the short one 156. The whole
building has four floors. There were eighty arches
on every floor, divided by pillars with a half
column.
•The floor was made out of wooden
planks then completely covered in sand.
The Velarium was made out
of sailcloth, attached to
spokes of rope.
The arches are 4.20 m wide
and 7.05 m high, while on
the upper floors they are
only 6.45 m high. the
overall height of the
building is 48,5 m.
•The Burj Khalifa is a
skyscraper in Dubai and is the
tallest man made building in
the world standing at an
impressive 828m.
The design team led by Will
Baker and Adrian Smith
created the superstructure
with the core in a y shaped
formation creating a much
more stable building.
The Spire
Nick
Flaherty
800m
above
ground
The crowning point on the Burj
Khalifa is it’s spire, reaching over
200m it secures the title of worlds
tallest building as well finishing the
creation off perfectly.
Marina Bay Sands
Marina Bay Sands
The Marina Bay Sands is a
integrated resort, on
marina bay in Singapore. It
is the worlds most
expensive resort.
Marina Bay Sands - Design
Art and science
museum
Casino
Convention centre
and Shopping centre
Hotel and sands
skypark
Marina Bays Sands - Skypark
The sands skypark is a park at
the very top of the resort. It
spans the roof tops of the hotel
towers and acts as a viewing
deck.
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The Taipei 101 skyscraper is found in Taiwan.
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It has an impressive height of 508.2m (1670.6ft).
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It was constructed from 1999 – 2004
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It has 101 stories above the ground and 5
underground
The Taipei 101 includes: office, communication,
conference room, library, observation,
restaurant, retail and a fitness centre.
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The Taipei 101 is designed to hold up against
typhoon winds and earthquake tremors that
are common in this area of Asia.
Taipei 101 is flexible in strong winds enough to
prevent large sideways movement. Flexibility
prevents structural damage while resistance
ensures comfort for the occupants and
protection of glass.
A Tuned Mass Damper is a device placed in buildings
to prevent: discomfort, damage and outright
structural failure.
The dampers are huge concrete blocks or steel bodies
placed in skyscrapers, it moves in opposition to the
resonance frequency oscillations of the structure by
movement of springs.
http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=NYSgd1XSZXc
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The Taipei 101 has the world’s largest passive
tuned mass wind and earthquake damper, it
weighs 660 metric tons with a diameter of 5.5
meters, suspended from Level 92 to Level 88.
It helps the building to ensure stability of the
tower and comfort for the occupiers.
The design achieves both strength and flexibility
for the tower through the use of highperformance steel construction. Thirty-six
columns supporting, including eight "megacolumns" packed with 10,000-psi concrete.
Every eight floors, outrigger trusses connect
the columns in the building's core to those on
the exterior.
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The Tower is built on 380 concrete piles, sunk
80 meters into the ground.
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Massive Steel Outrigger Trusses span between the
columns on every eight floors.
The structure is reinforced by a Moment Frame System
linking the columns on all floors.
36 columns provide vertical support, including eight
mega columns around the perimeter.
The world’s largest passive tuned mass wind damper,
suspended from level 92 down to level 88, helps to
ensure stability and comfort.
Conclusion
All of these buildings had their own structural advantages,
whether it be support to withstand the forces of nature or
using revolutionary materials such as bricks for the
colosseum. Architects are imagining buildings with new and
innovative materials and technology. The wonders of the
world that are pushing the boundaries now will soon be
forgotten as new super structures are created.
http://www.burjkhalifa.ae/language/en-us/the-tower.aspx
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/burj_khalifa
http://burj-khalifa.eu
http://sydney.edu.au/engineering/civil/wtc.shtml
http://911research.wtc7.net/wtc/arch/core.html
http://www.skyscraper.org/TALLEST_TOWERS/t_wtc.htm
http://911research.wtc7.net/wtc/evidence/blueprints.html
http://www.themarinabaysands.com.sg/
http://www.dailymail.co.uk/news/worldnews/article-1289194/Marina-Bay-Sands-resort-opensSingapore.html
http://www.marinabaysands.com/SandsSkypark/Sands_Sky_Park.aspx
http://www.marinabaysands.com/?utm_source=google&utm_medium=cpc&utm_campaign=c2c
http://www.taipei-101.com.tw/en/Tower/buildind_05-1.html
http://skyscraperpage.com/cities/?buildingID=18
http://altlasobscura.com/place/tuned-mass-damper-of-taipei-101
http://www.unrv.com/culture/colosseum.php
http://www.oldandsold.com/articles10/famous-buildings-11.html
http://www.mariamilani.com/colosseum/colosseum_structure.htm