Transcript 1 - TMA.uz

Tashkent Medical Academy
Department: Public health and hygiene
Subject: Communal Hygiene
TOPIC: HYGIENE REQUIREMENTS choice land
The construction of settlements
Subject: Communal Hygiene
PURPOSE OF EMPLOYMENT:
1
• To familiarize students with the basic sanitary requirements
for facilities of personal hygiene;
2
• To teach students methods and techniques of construction
projects for the consideration of personal hygiene;
3
• To familiarize students with the protocol to enter into the
project.
The student should know:
The ethical and
legal rules
governing the
relationship of
man to man,
society and the
environment;
The principles of
operation of
modern
equipment used
in preventive
medicine for the
quantitative
determination
of hazardous
substances;
Know the
criteria of
ecological and
hygienic
assessment of
environmental
objects
Student should be able
TSN controlled on
communal facilities;
Perform visual,
laboratory
instrumentation,
computational methods
for determining the
hygienic assessment of
environmental factors;
Conduct sanitary
inspection of supervision
and make the
appropriate accounting
and reporting
documentation.
Requirements for the land plot allocated
for the construction of residential houses.
Should be aimed at removing the adverse
impact of environmental factors (physical,
chemical, biological)
on public health and sanitary conditions of
residence.
located on the hills, away
from the noise sources
process emissions,
For residential building
plots withdrawn, the most
favorable in the natural
regards
adjacent to water bodies,
green spaces
transport emissions
One of the important phases of preventive
health surveillance, which necessarily
involved the doctor hygienist is the
selection and allocation of land for
construction. Land reserved for the
construction of residential and public
buildings must meet the following hygiene
requirements.
1. Be of sufficient size, which will allow, in addition to a residential house, about
rudovat on it and children's playgrounds, plant trees and shrubs, and in rural areas to build business premises, place a household plot.
The density of land development is
dependent on the number of storeys of
the building and shall not exceed 26%:
Number of floors 2-3 4 5 6 7 8 9 and
more
Building density,% 26 22 21 20 19 18
17
For 16- and 9-storey buildings optimal
building density should tvetstvovat with
12.5 and 15%.
2. Have a good filter uncontaminated soil. From that to a large
tive depends indoor climate, especially rooms, LAYOUT
adjoint on the ground floor. Hygienic value of this requirement is
that is well permeable to air and moisture of the soil is always dry. In such
good soils there are processes of self-purification.
3. Having a low level of standing water table at least 1.5 meters from the top
of land and 1 m from the base of the foundation. Otherwise it is necessary to
carry out measures to reduce their level. Failure to comply with this
requirement the home is wet and cold. To prevent the penetration of soil
moisture in the room is necessary to provide horizontal and vertical
waterproofing of the foundation.
4. There must be located in a well lit by the sun and affordable airing area. This requirement will help to
adlezhaschemu natural lighting and ventilation omescheny.
The distance between the residential buildings, residential and public, as well as
the production should be determined on the basis of data orodolzhitelnosti their
insolation.
The distance between the front (long sides) 2-3 etazhnyhzhilyh buildings must
be at least 15 m, between the facades of buildings up to 4 floors or more - 20 m.
The distance between the end of the building having the window living rooms
should be at least 15 m.
When the location of 9-16-storey houses near the houses of the manor type,
the distance between their facades must be at least one multi-storey building
height.
5. Have a good natural or easily
achievable by grading bias favorable to
the flow of atmospheric water unit
water and sewer network traffic.
The most favorable is calm
maloperesechenny terrain with a slope
of 1-6%, suitable for construction - up
to 10%, limited suitable - 10-20% (in
mountainous terrain - up to 30%). The
slope of more than 20-30% is
considered to be unusable.
7. To be convenient for laying water
supply, sewerage, gas
and the power to the entrance of
transport. If in the village sewer
tion is missing, the land would be
sufficient for the device
local sewage treatment plants.
8. Be as landscaping. The
overall balance of the area
parks, sa
Dov green spaces should be at
least 40%. 1 person must be at
least 6 meters of green areas
lived territory
first quarter (excluding the
area of greening schools and
preschool institutions).
9 is a part of the territory withdrawn by the general plan of
development of the village for residential development.
Orientation buildings.
Orientation of buildings and premises substantially affects the conditions of
insolation levels of natural lighting and the microclimate.
There are several types orientatsiiyu.Meridionalnaya - the long axis of the
building is located along the meridian or
parallel to it. In this orientation, a facade is oriented to the west, the other - to
the east. This kind of orientation is recommended for
umerennogoklimaticheskogo zone (II zone). Ukraine is mainly attributable to the
III belt, just south of the Crimea - to the IV. In warm and hot climates (III-IV) of
the facade of the room, facing west, will overheat, and this is not desirable for
the dormitories.
Equatorial, or latitude, orientation - the long axis of the building located at the
equator, or parallel to it. In this orientation, one fasadbudet focused
respectively on the north, the second - to the south. Widely used in the North
(north of 60 °) and south (south of 45 °). In this southern facades receive the
maximum amount of sunlight and even the northern summer
Facades are well lit from the north-east and north-west still not coming sun
rays. In southern latitudes, equatorial orientation is determined by other
considerations.
As an example, the
orientation of
those buildings
that
zapreschenysanitar
nym
akonodatelstvom
terms of possible
overheating of the
premises or
insufficient
insolation in a
particular climatic
zone.
Thus, the
orientation of the
apartments with
one-way exit
windows on the
sector 310-50 ° is
not valid for all
zones.
For the III and IV
of climatic zones is
unacceptable
orientation flats
with windows on
the unilateral
withdrawal sector
200-290 °, because
they will overheat
the room.
Focusing on a
limited sector 29070 ° is suitable for
two-bedroom
suites and a quart
Orientation residential three-hour insolation areas. the
cardinal (scheme). Normalized duration of Sector A (310-50 °)
- invalid orieninsolyatsii should be provided netatsiya
apartments unilateral withdrawal of windows in less than one
in one room, all three climatic regions; Sector B
(200-290 °) - invalid Orientation same room apartments
and at least dvuhkvartir for III and IV of climatic regions;
rooms four-, five-, shestikomnatsektor In (290-70 °) limited ori GOVERNMENTAL apartments and bedrooms
obschezhitiyatatsiya for two- and multi-room apartments;
not less than 60% of the rooms.
Orientation residential three-hour insolation areas. the cardinal (scheme).
Normalized duration of Sector A (310-50 °) - invalid orieninsolyatsii should be
provided netatsiya apartments unilateral withdrawal of windows in less than
one in one room, all three climatic regions; Sector B
(200-290 °) - invalid Orientation same room apartments and at least
dvuhkvartir for III and IV of climatic regions; rooms four-, five-,
shestikomnatsektor In (290-70 °) - limited ori GOVERNMENTAL apartments and
bedrooms obschezhitiyatatsiya for two- and multi-room apartments; not less
than 60% of the rooms.
1) semi-detached onestorey house;
2) One storey semidetached house
(cottage);
3) apartment low-rise
building (1-2 floors);
4) apartment flats (3-5
floors and more);
Types of residential buildings. In practice,
housing construction recovered several
classifications of dwellings:
5) multi-storey
building of hotel type;
6) dormitories for
workers and students
1 House with
apartments:
a) section type (low
and apartment);
b) The gallery type;
2 Dorms.
In addition to this
classification, the
housing can be divided
by purpose as follows:
c) hotel or the corridor,
such as.
3. Hotels.
4. Temporary housing
in areas of new
buildings (barracks,
barracks, etc..).
NEW EDUCATIONAL TECHNOLOGY
The method of "academic debate"
Divide the group into 2 - 3 small groups (MG). All students offer one job as a
situational problem or specific issues related to the topic. List of questions to
be answered by each Mg, specify their value in points.
What are the two parts of the ceiling?
What is the foundation?
List of the buildings
What types of projects do you know
Name the design stage
What types of residential buildings
List the tasks PSN
Expert sheets for working with groups
Fill in the table "Case study
1 group
View situational problem
The causes of a situational
problem
Steps to solve the problem
2-group
View situational
problem
The causes of a
situational problem
Steps to solve the
problem
5
TEST
2
6
3
4
Further Reading
• - GT Iskandarov "Regional san. gig. problems of
protection of water sources' water supply in stationary
conditions of Uzbekistan. T. 2001.
• - Sanitary rules and norms of planning and building of
settlements of the Republic of Uzbekistan 0003-93
• - Sanitary norms of admissible levels of electromagnetic
fields of radio frequencies 0064-96
• - Sanitary rules of design and maintenance of cemeteries
0086-99
• - Sanitary rules and norms and the optimal allowable
building density in residential areas of cities of Uzbekistan
0144-03
extension
• - Sanitary rules and norms of designing of
residential buildings in the climatic
conditions of Uzbekistan 0146-04
• - Health rules and regulations setting up and
maintaining public toilets 0151-04
• - Hygiene requirements for institutions,
organizations, companies and individuals
involved in the disinfection activities 017704
• - Sanitary rules and regulations for the use
of mobile phones 0189-05
• - Lecture materials.
Internet sites
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