Transcript Hygienic bases layout and building of settlements

Department of Municipal Hygiene and Occupational
Health.
Lecture on environmental sanitation for the 5th year
Lecture
Subject: Hygienic bases layout and building of
settlements.
Lecturer prof. Iskandarova GT
Basic hygiene requirements for residential
areas, residential areas when planning is
creating a microclimate
maximum insolation
airing.
Creating a microclimate in a residential area depends on the correct
choice of the system development, taking into account the climatic
conditions
The danger of pollution requires a
comprehensive solution:
economic
Town
Planning
technical
Hygienic
problems.
To prepare the "Sanitary job" republican, regional
CSES should:
From the customer or the parent
organization of the project baseline
information needed to solve the sanitary
issues:
long-term plans for economic
development of the region,
reference, research, static reports,
previously developed for the region
regional planning schemes, and
other materials;
Conduct data collection, analysis and
synthesis,
available sanepidsluzhby organs
(including subordinate)
for previous years (3-5 years) on the
situation in the region and the sanitary
epidemiological situation, the state of
health of the population;
Conduct a survey of the region and its
separate territories, if necessary - in
conjunction with the project
organization;
use the results of scientific
research in the region hygienic
facilities and materials other
departments.
To study the possibilities and conditions for the
deployment of new and development of existing economic
facilities in existing settlements should be carried out
hygienic assessment of the prospects of the latter. ? It is
based on an analysis of a number of indicators:
the magnitude of the village;
provision of reserve land for industrial, civil construction and recreation of the population,
and their quality;
planning organization of the village (its functional zoning);
water supply;
state of air, water, soil;
conditions of sanitation and sewerage.
City planners have different methods of
construction, providing favorable
conditions.
One Townhouse gives wind
reduction by 40-60%.
t is important in areas with
strong winds to draw attention
to the gaps between the
buildings and the buildings.
Observations show that the 15 m
wind speed increases and 80%
at 10 m wind speed is reduced by
50%.
Direct solar radiation in addition to the
effect of light has a thermal influence.
Favorable
conditions are
provided with the
right insolation
planning - this is
the correct
construction and
orientation.
Direct solar radiation in addition to the effect of light has
a thermal influence.
Radiation treatment depends on the
nature of the underlying part of building
and number of storeys of the building.
Summer in June different total solar
voltage open area.
The main measures to protect from the
heat of re-planting remains.

The plot is occupied
by less
than 0.5 от
Для
защиты
hectares of green
does not improve the
microclimate.
radiation regime is
important to consider
the distribution of
footprint and green
spaces.
All physical factors are divided into 7 classes
Mechanical,
magnetic
electromagnetic
ionizing
thermal
optical
Noise in a residential area is created by
various factors:
1) traffic noise;
2) residential noise.
Noise protection measures:
administrative - legal;
Architecture - planning;
construction of bypasses;
strip of green spaces;
Design - Design and konstruktursko- technological measures.
Protection against atmospheric pollution
green spaces
screening of residential
buildings a face of the
building
indent from the red line,
and others.
The main elements of
residential areas are
residential areas,
neighborhoods.
Residential areas formed
from several districts,
which include all the
cultural and service
establishments and
devices for everyday
use.
The population of the
residential area is taken
depending on the size of
the city-rise buildings
and local conditions.
microdistrict
Some residential areas isolated
from the residential area of
urban transport, which housed
residential, public and business
buildings and institutions in
order to fully meet the needs of
the population of the district.
The structure is part of the
neighborhood
Floor area (houses, driveways, sidewalks,
parking lots, green areas, shopping area)
area kindergartens, nurseries, schools,
Garden neighborhood gardens by groups of
houses
Lots of public buildings of cultural and
community and municipal economic purpose.
Cultural and community institutions are placed on the principle of
public service or possibly its closest approach to the residents.
Community centers.
In the cities should be developed to create an
interconnected system of public centers, including
citywide and specialized centers, and the planning of
residential areas, industrial areas and recreation
areas, as well as community centers, local (districts).
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