Transcript Presentation by NCDC

Emergency
Evacuation Planning
Fire in the workplace
became a significant life
safety issue when large
factories began to appear
during
the
Industrial
Revolution.
Since then, workplaces
have evolved into large
industrial
and
office
complexes
that
house
thousands of occupants
during business hours.
When fire or other
hazards threaten these
workplaces,
safe
evacuation of employees
becomes a challenge.
Initial Planning
► To
provide minimum level of Safety in the
event of a Fire, all Buildings –





must be properly constructed.
must provide for Fire Detection & Alarm Systems.
must have Fire Protection Systems.
must incorporate proper egress components.
must encourage human interface with the Fire
protection & egress components.
Jurisdiction
► There
should be a nominated Authority
having jurisdiction over development of
procedures and codes.
► “Authority
having jurisdiction in the
organization / office will be the individual
responsible for approving equipment,
materials, installation and a procedures”.
Fire Safety in High-rise
Buildings
► Requirements:
 Must have a Fire safety manager responsible
for maintaining fire emergency plans,
co-ordinating activities of floor fire wardens
and liaison with fire department.
 Assign a fire warden at each floor of building.
 Ensure fire warden’s receive regular training.
 Make Fire warden’s responsible for safe
evacuation of occupants on the floor and
help those who need assistance.
FIRE OFFICER
FOR BUILDINGS WITH HEIGHT MORE
THAN 30 m
A qualified Fire Officer with
experience of not less than 3
years shall be appointed who
will be available on the
premises.
The Fire Officer
► shall
maintain the fire fighting equipment in good
working condition at all times,
► shall prepare fire orders and fire operational plants
and get them promulgated.
► Shall impart regular training to the occupants of
the buildings in the use of fire fighting equipments
provided on the premises and keep them informed
about the fire emergency evacuation plan.
► Keep proper liaison with city Fire Brigade.
► Ensure that all fire precautionary measures are
observed at the times.
Helipad
For high rise building
above 60 mtrs. in height
provision for helipad
should be made.
Human behaviour during Emergencies
► Studies
indicate that the action of people
to an emergency condition relates to the
under mentioned factors:






Individual’s assumed role
Previous experience
Awareness & Education
Personality
Perceived threat
Actions of others influence individual’s
behaviour.
Emergency Evacuation Plan
►
Minimum elements of an Evacuation Plan must
include :
 Emergency escape procedures.
 Escape Routes.
 Employee procedures for those who conduct operations
before they evacuate.
 Procedures to account for all employees after evacuation
completed.
 Duties for employees designated to perform Rescue &
Medical functions.
 The preferred means of reporting emergencies.
 The designated people/departments that can be
contacted/alerted after an emergency.
The plan must be in written format and reviewed
periodically.
Means of Egress
► Means
of egress is an important element
in evacuation planning and generally
consist of following components:
 Exit access: Space occupied and travels in
reaching an exit (frequently a corridor or aisle
way)
 Exit: A protected path of travel usually an
enclosed stairway in multiple-level building.
 Exit discharge: The portion between the
termination of an exit and a public way such
as a public street or parking lot.
The Fire Evacuation Drill
► The
fire evacuation drill is
emergency procedure to
employees of a facility with
means of egress components
that they react properly in the
actual emergency.
a periodic
familiarize
location of
and ensure
event of an
The Fire Evacuation Drill
► Objectives:
 To enable the occupant to recognize the evacuation
alarm.
 To enable the occupant to take appropriate actions
before evacuating.
 To initiate evacuation process using the prescribed
routes of egress under the emergency plan.
 To enable occupant to provide assistance to visitors/
others experiencing difficulty.
 To enable occupant to take evasive action if the
selected means of egress is unsafe.
 To make a report to the assembly area monitor at the
assigned assembly point.
Frequency of Fire Evacuation Drills
► Drills
should be conducted as per the
emergency plan once every three months
for existing buildings during the first two
years. Thereafter at least once every six
months.
► All occupants must participate
► A written record of such drills should be
kept on the premises for a three year
period and readily available for fire
brigade inspection.
Fire Drill Staff
►Emergency
Director
►Dy. Emergency Director
►Fire Wardens / Dy. Fire Wardens
►Building Evacuation Supervisor
►Emergency Response Team
Emergency Director
► Be
familiar with fire emergency plan.
► Select, organize, train and supervise qualified
building service employees for a fire party.
► Responsible for availability and state of
readiness of fire party.
► Conduct fire & evacuation drills.
► Responsible for designating, supervising
and
training of fire wardens for each floor.
► Notify any negligence on part of designated
individual to the owner.
► Responsible
for training and supervising
activities of Building evacuation supervisor.
Emergency Director
►In
the event of fire:
 Report to fire command station
 Ensure fire department notified
 Man fire command station
 Direct evacuation procedures
 Report conditions of fire to fire
brigade on arrival.
 Advice fire brigade in-charge on
operation of fire command
station.
Deputy Emergency Director
►Perform
duties of Emergency
Director in his absence.
►Assist Emergency director in
organizing
coordinating
and
supervising the evacuation drill.
Emergency Wardens
► The
occupants of each floor upon request of the
owner/ person in-charge of the building make
available suitable employees to be designated as
Wardens/ Dy. Wardens by the Emergency
Director.
► The evacuation of each floor of building will be
under the direction of such warden.
► A Dy. Warden shall be provided each tenancy (for
700 mt2 of floor area)
► Each warden should be aware of the fire safety
plan, location of exits and fire alarm systems.
Emergency Wardens
► Prepare
organizational chart for each floor and
give a copy to the Emergency Director.
► Keep details all personal with physical
disabilities.
► Wear suitable identification during drills.
► Search other areas for occupants before
evacuating.
► Perform head count after evacuation.
► On alarm must position himself closed to the
communication station of the floor.
Emergency Wardens
In the event of Fire
►
►
►
►
►
►
Give priority for immediate evacuation of the fire floor &
floors immediately above.
Supervise evacuation of two or more levels below fire
floor as deemed necessary and inform FCS on his
location.
Wardens must alert all occupants of the fire,
immediately proceed as per emergency plan and inform
FCS.
Advice not to use elevators (specially those servicing the
fire floor)
Select safest stairway for evacuation based on location
of fire.
Inform FCS on mode of evacuation by the occupants of
his floor.
Building Evacuation Supervisor
► Building
evacuation supervisor is required at all
times other than normal working or business
hours when there is no Emergency Director.
► He should be capable of directing evacuation of
occupants as per emergency plan.
► During fire emergency he shall man the FCS.
► His training and supervision will be under the
direction of Emergency Director.
Emergency Response Team
In the event of Fire Alarm
► Report
to floor below the fire to assist in
evacuation and provide information to FCS.
► Endeavour to control spread of fire by closing
doors etc. after evacuation.
► Attempt containment of fire till arrival of fire
brigade.
► Leave one member on the floor below the fire to
guide fire brigade.
► After arrival of fire brigade, the fire party shall
report to FCS.
► Designate one member to act as Runner.
Drill Evaluator
► The
Emergency Director should invite
experts from other buildings having
requisite experience of conducting fire
evacuation drills to evaluate the Fire drill.
► He will monitor occupant actions during the
fire drill and report his findings to the fire
safety director after the completion of the
drill.
Designate Areas of Refuge
► Area
of refuge must be considered as they
offer alternative to complete evacuation.
► It is defined as an area that is either
 A storey in the building where it is protected
through out by an approved & supervise
automatic sprinkler system and has not less
than two accessible rooms / spaces separated
from each other by smoke resisting partitions.
 A space located in a path of travel leading to a
public way that is protected from effects of fire.
SAMPLE PRE-DRILL MEANS OF EGRESS CHECKLIST
Item
1. Facility evacuation routes are posted in the
required locations.
2. Evacuation signs are in good condition.
3. Exits are clearly marked.
4. Exit signs are properly illuminated.
5. Exit doors are in good repair and operating
properly.
6. Egress routes (corridors and stairways) are
free of hazards or obstructions.
7. Corridors and stairways are properly lighted.
Yes
No
Comment/Action
Required
Evacuation Drill Planning Form
Drill coordinator: __________________________________________________________________
Date and time of planned drill: ______________________________________________________
Drill objective: _____________________________________________________________________
Drill evaluators/ assignment________________________________________________________
Drill staff/assignment: _____________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________________________________
Warden assignments are current and list is 'up to date. Y/ N
Comment: _________________________________________________________________________
List of employees requiring assistance is current?
Y/ N
Comment: _________________________________________________________________________
Fire department has been notified and invited to participate?
Y/N
Comment: _________________________________________________________________________
EVACUATION DRILL PLANNING FORM(cont’d)
Building management has been notified? ___________________________________
Comment:_____________________________________________________________
Building security has been notified? Y/N
Comment:_____________________________________________________________
Emergency plan has been reviewed and verified to be current? Y/N
Comment: _____________________________________________________________
Building occupants/tenants have been trained on emergency plan? Y/N
Comment: _____________________________________________________________
Means of egress has been verified as safe for use during drill? Y/N
Date inspection was conducted:____________________________________________
Comment:_____________________________________________________________
Fire drill coordinator:______________________________ Date:_________________
Comments:____________________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________________________
Building manager approval:
Signature:____________________________________ Date:____________________
Fire Drill Evaluation
Drill monitor:___________________________________________________________________
Date:_____________________________________ Time of alarm:_______________________
Evacuation Staff Response
Yes
No
Area wardens and evacuation staff were properly identified
Evacuation staff reported to proper locations on floor
Aides for disabled occupants were available and assisted
occupants to a safe location to await evacuation
All areas of floor were searched and occupants were in
process of evacuation before the warden evacuated the
area
Stair monitors waited for all occupants in area to evacuate
before evacuating
Comments on evacuation staff response_______________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
Fire Drill Evaluation (contd.)
Occupant Response
Reacted to alarm immediately
Yes
No
.
Knew the location of alternate means of egress from work area
Attempted to use elevators for evacuation
Evacuated area in orderly manner
Responded to directions from evacuation staff
Visitors in area were directed to evacuate
Interior doors were closed on evacuation
Occupants reported to assigned assembly point and checked in with
monitor
Names of occupants who did not evacuate recorded on this sheet
,
Any Questions
The End