Transcript DISASTER PREPAREDNESS. Part VI

DISASTER PREPAREDNESS
A KEY ELEMENT OF BECOMING
DISASTER RESILIENT
Walter Hays, Global Alliance for
Disaster Reduction, University of
North Carolina, USA
A FOCUS ON
SOLVING COMPLEX
PROBLEMS ENCOUNTERED
DURING EVACUATION
A PART OF DISASTER PREPAREDNESS
PURPOSE:
To show that extraordinary
innovation will be needed to solve
challenging problems associated
with moving people and assets
out of harm’s way of the potential
disaster agents of eminent
natural hazards
CHALLENGING EVACUATION
PROBLEMS
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TIMING AND LOGISTICS
THE SAFE HAVEN
THE ELDERLY
THE VERY YOUNG
THE HANDICAPPED
THE POOREST OF THE POOR
PETS and LIVESTOCK
CHALLENGING EVACUATION
PROBLEMS
• MASS CARE
• LAW AND ORDER IN A DESERTED
CITY
• TOURISTS
• PILGRIMS
• MILITARY ASSETS
• ENERGY ASSETS
NATURAL HAZARDS FOR WHICH
EVACUATION IS TYPICAL
FLOODS
GOAL: MOVE PEOPLE OUT
OF HARM’S WAY
HIGH BENEFIT/COST FOR
SAVING LIVES, BUT LOW
BENEFIT/COST FOR
PROTECTING PROPERTY
HURRICANES
TYPHOONS
TSUNAMIS
VOLCANIC ERUPTIONS
WILDFIRES
DISASTERS OCCUR WHEN--A COMMUNITY’S PUBLIC
POLICIES ALLOW IT TO BE …
UN—PREPARED
RISK ASSESSMENT
•NATURAL HAZARDS
•INVENTORY
•VULNERABILITY
•LOCATION
ACCEPTABLE RISK
RISK
UNACCEPTABLE RISK
GOAL: DISASTER
RESILIENCE
DATA BASES
AND INFORMATION
COMMUNITY
FOUR PILLARS OF
RESILIENCE
HAZARDS:
GROUND SHAKING
GROUND FAILURE
SURFACE FAULTING
TECTONIC DEFORMATION
TSUNAMI RUN UP
AFTERSHOCKS
•PREPAREDNESS
•PROTECTION
•EMERGENCY RESPONSE
•RECOVERY IENCE
GLOBAL GOAL:
FROM UN—PREPARED
TO
A STATE OF
PREPAREDNESS
FOR ALL CITIES AND ALL
NATURAL HAZARDS
EXAMPLES OF THE
COMPLEX CHALLENGES
FACED IN EVACUATION
MOVING PEOPLE AND ASSETS OUT
OF HARM’S WAY ON FOOT, BY LAND,
BY WATER, OR BY AIR
EVACUATION
ASSOCIATED WITH FLOODS
EVACUATIONS TO ESCAPE FLOODING
THREAT
SINUIJU, NORTH KOREA: INUNDATION
BY ANNOK (YALU ) RIVER: 2010
The Dandong flooding in
2010 was China’s worst flood
season in over a decade.
Flooding forced the evacuation
of 94,000 people in the north
China port city of Dandong, an
area near the boundary with
North Korea, after heavy rains
caused China’s Yalu River to
breach its banks.
RIVERS BURST BANKS AND
BREACHED DAMS IN
CENTRAL EUROPE AFTER
WEEKS OF RAIN
POLAND, HUNGARY, GERMANY, CZECH
REPUBLIC, …
MAY – JUNE, 2010
EVACUATING CHILDREN
MASS EVACUATION
SAVING A HORSE
SAVING CATTLE:
MAY 17
FLOODING: COCKERMOUTH,
UK; NOV. 2009
EACUATION: CUMBRIA AREA
EVACUATION
ASSOCIATIED WITH
HURRICANES AND
TYPHOONS
EACUATING NEW ORLEANS:
AUG, 2005
• HURRICANE KATRINA
SHOWED THAT
• EVACUATION IS A
COMPLEX ENDEAVOR
THAT HAS THE
POTENTIAL FOR
CAUSING A DISASTER
ALL BY ITSELF.
HURRICANE RITA: EVACUATING
HOUSTON
LESSON LEARNED FROM
EVACUATION IN NEW ORLEANS
• Hurricane Katrina,
August 29-30, 2005
• Instead of being a
safe haven, as
envisioned, New
Orleans’ Super
Dome became a
setting for
disaster.
EVACUATION: PEMEX OIL AND GAS
PLATFORM IN GULF OF MEXICO: AUG 2007
HURRICANE IRENE, AUG. 24, 2011:
EVACUATIONS START IN OUTER BANKS
EVACUATION
ASSOCIATED WITH
TSUNAMIS
TIMELY RAPID VERTICAL EVACUATION IS THE KEY!
TSUNAMI (JAPAN): ADVANCE WARNING OF
10-15 MINUTES TOO SHORT FOR AN
EFFECTIVE EVACUATION: MARCH 2011
NO WARNING SYSTEM; NO
EVACUATION: DECEMBER 26, 2004
• Over 200,000
deaths after
the December
26, 2004
tsunami.
EVACUATION
ASSOCIATED WITH
VOLCANIC ERUPTIONS
MOUNT PINATUBO, THE PHILIPPINES: 1991
TOUSANDS EVACUATED AND MILITARY PLANES
RELOCATED OUT OF HARM’S WAY
EVACUATION
ASSOCIATED WITH
WILDFIRES
WILDFIRE: BIG SUR, CA;
TH
JULY 4 , 2008
t
WILDFIRE: GOLETA, CA AREA
th
4 ,
By Friday evening, July
residents of 5,000 homes
were ordered to evacuate.
WILDFIRE IN MOUNT HYMETTE
(NEAR ATHENS): JULY 16, 2007
WILDFIRE IN GREECE CAUSES MASS
EVACUATIONS
FROM POLICY TO BEST
PRACTICES IN EVACUATION
A city’s policies for evacuation
become best practices when
people and assets have been
moved out of harm’s ways
successfully, no matter how
complex the problem.
EVACUATION WILL ALWAYS BE
A CHALLNGE
• BE READY FOR
COMPLEX
PROBLEMS
• BE CREATIVE AND
YOU WILL BE ABLE
TO SOLVE THEM