Transcript Women in Ancient Egypt

Egyptian Civilization
Life and Religion in Ancient Egypt
Chapter 2 Section 2
Egyptian Religion
• Believed
in forces ruling this
life and the afterlife
• Polytheistic Religion
• Many
Gods and Goddesses
Amon-Re
• The
Sun God
• Ruler
of the other Gods
• Since
Pharaoh was seen as a God/ruler
too, he was linked closely with Amon-re
• Not
really a God of the common man
Osiris
• God
of the Underworld
and God of the Nile
• Controlled the floods,
so many people prayed
to him
Isis
• The
Wife of Osiris
• Love
story appealed to human emotions
• Gave
Osiris the cross with the loop at the
top, known as the ANKH
• Women loved her
• Believed
she taught first women to
grind corn, spin flax, weave cloth,
and care for children
Tests in the Afterlife
• To
win Eternal Life ALL Egyptians had to pass
a test
• Weighed your heart vs. the Feather of Truth
• If your heart was heavier than the feather
you would be fed to the Eater of the Dead
• If you pass, you go to the “Happy Field of
Food” (Egyptian heaven)
Mummification
• Preservation
of the dead
• Removal and drying out of the vital organs
• Wrapped the body in strips of linen
• Took months to complete
Valley of the Kings
• Burial
place of many Pharaohs
• Filled with riches
• Robbed many times
King Tutankhamen
• King
Tut’s tomb found in 1922
• One of the few tombs whose wealth had not
been taken, practically untouched
• Artifacts are in the Egyptian Museum in Cairo
• Includes chariots, weapons, furniture, jewelry,
toys, games, and food
• Not even a great pharaoh
King Tut’s Tomb
King Tut Now and Then
Hatshepsut
Hatshepsut
Egyptian Society
• As
the Empire grew so did society
• Trade and War increase cultural diffusion
• Many new ideas are spread
Women in Ancient Egypt
• Women
enjoyed high status
• Rasmes II himself said:
• “The
foot of an Egyptian Woman may walk
where it pleases and no one may deny her”
• Not
many women learned to read or write
Lasting Records
• Hieroglyphics
•A
form of pictogram
• Scribes learned Demotic- or a simpler form
for everyday use
• Wrote on Papyrus- paper like writing
material that grew along the Nile River
• Can you decipher the code?
The Rosetta Stone
Found in 1799 by French Troops
• Found in Rosetta, Egypt (in the Delta)
• Jean Francois Campollian deciphered it 23 years later
• Written in 3 languages
•
Heiroglyphics
• Demotic
• Greek
•
•
Cracked the code and allowed us to study written Egyptian
Records
Medicine in Ancient Egypt
• Believed
in various magics
• Very skilled in how the human body works
• Many medicines are still used today
• Anise,
Castor beans, saffron
Astronomy and Mathematics
• Developed
a calendar that our calendar is
based on
• 12
months of 30 days each +5 days at the
end of each year
• Developed
basic Geometry to measure
fields due to flooding and pyramid blocks
Temple of Ramses II
Inside the Temple of Ramses II