Transcript ANCIENT EGYPT

Warm Up
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Analyze the map of Egypt and the Nile
River on p. 62 in the textbook, along
with answering the questions in your
warm-up section.
Read the “Inside Story” on p. 63.
Explain in 1-2 sentences how important
the Nile River was to the Egyptian
civilization.
ANCIENT
EGYPT
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Unit 1 Objective: The student will be able to
evaluate the importance of water sources to early
civilizations in terms of transportation,
communication, migratory patterns and trade.
Geography
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Nile River- longest river in the world
 4,000 miles long, flows NORTH
– Floods yearly, enriching the soil
 Created a surplus of food
 Egypt= gift of the Nile
– Transportation and communication
 Unifying factor for Egypt
Upper Egypt- southern part
– Flows from higher elevations
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Lower Egypt- northern part
– Flows down into the Mediterranean Sea
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Natural barriers (protection from invaders)
– Deserts to the W and E
– Red Sea to the E
– Mediterranean Sea to the N
– Water Rapids of the Nile in the S
Egypt
By 3100 BC-Upper and Lower Egypt united by Menes
-created 1st dynasty (family of rulers)
Ancient Egypt divided into 3 stable periods
- Old, Middle, New Kingdoms
- separated by years of chaos
Egyptian Society
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Married young and practiced monogamy
– (different than having multiple wives as seen in Mesopotamia)
Patriarchal, but women had some rights (could own property)
Hieroglyphics (see above picture- yes, they were painted!)
– very complex pictorial writing mostly used by priests and scribes
Hieratic script
– simplified version used for everyday business transactions
Advances:
– Used astronomy for 365 day calendar
– Used mummification to gain medical knowledge of anatomy
– Built sphinx, pyramids (still standing after thousands of years)
Religion
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Polytheistic– the gods and their importance changed throughout the
different kingdoms
– Sun (Ra/Re)- worshipped as the source of life
- pharaoh was called the Son of Ra
- the sun god in earthly form
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Osiris- (main god)
– Symbolized afterlife and physical death
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You will understand when you complete the chart on the next slide
Isis- (main goddess)
– symbol of new life
– Put the 14 pieces of Osiris’ body back together
 Symbolized the new life the floods bring every spring
Copy this chart into your notes and complete it using p. 73 and ONE partner.
You have 20 minutes: discuss with your partner and double-check to ensure
you have the correct information.
Gods/Goddesses:
Re
Amon-Ra
Anubis
Osiris
Isis
Horus
Hathor
Thoth
Local gods
Why is the god important?
Explain his/her power:
Create a vertical foldable on…..
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The THREE Kingdoms of Egypt
– Using p. 65-68
– Old Kingdom
– Middle Kingdom
– New Kingdom
Directions: fold paper in ½ and cut front flap into three
boxes. Label each box for each of the kingdoms.
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Add a different visual for each!
You have 30 minutes.
Check your foldable for
these notes…..
Old
Kingdom
2700 to 2200 BC:
 Pharaohs had absolute power:
– unlimited power over kingdom (believed to be a god)
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Pyramids:
– built at Giza to house pharaoh’s body and all he would need in next life
(servants would be mummified, boats buried in the pyramids, etc)
– showed grandeur, importance of pharaohs
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Egyptians also practiced mummification:
– process of slowly drying a body to keep it from rotting (preservation for
afterlife)
Collapse of Old Kingdom followed by 150 years of chaos
Middle
Kingdom
2050 to 1652 BC
 Marked by stability and
conquest
 Public works –
– canal connecting Nile and Red
Sea, draining delta for farm
land
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Middle Kingdom ended
when overthrown by
Hyksos ruled for about 100
years
Egyptians learned to use
horse drawn chariots and
how to make bronze
New Kingdom
1567-1085 BC
 Marked by conquest
– became largest empire in SW Asia
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Pharaohs
– (including females- Hatshepsut) built huge
monuments, Ramses greatest builder
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Amenhotep IV (Akhenaton)
– introduced monotheism & changed his name ( to
reflect the belief in one god: Aton)
– closed temples of all other gods
– Killed for beliefs
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Tutankhamen- (King Tut)-
to the left
– Peace and polytheism restored
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Egypt lost land and never fully recovered
– Dominated by Greece/Rome for rest of Ancient
history
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Knowledge of hieroglyphics lost until French
invaded Egypt in 1800s: found Rosetta Stone
which translated hieroglyphics into Greek
The Egyptian Afterlife
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1. Read p. 74- 76 on your own
2. With a partner: (both need this list in your notes)
– Make a bullet-pointed list on:
the teachings on the afterlife
 the mummification process
 the details of the burial process
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3. Underline at LEAST two items you find
interesting/odd.
4. Circle at least two items you think are the
most significant.
Make sure….
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To finish any classwork not completed
for homework.
You understand that everything
assigned in class is fair game for tests
and quizzes.
UNIT 1 TEST: this Wednesday
Optional Assignments:
Create Noteworthy Pharaohs Chart!
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Create a (6-box) organizer on the following
rulers of Egypt, stating the importance/
significance of their reign (using Ch. 3):
Hatshepsut
Thutmose III
Akhenaton
Tutankhamen
Ramses II
Cleopatra VII
(Hatshepsut’s
son/nephew)
ADD a visual symbolizing each pharaoh!
Create a Web-Diagram
on the AFTERLIFE
Afterlife
Read p. 74top of 76