Transcript mapping - NVHSEarthScienceKDudenhausen

MAPPING
Where in the world is…
Summit of Mt Rainier, Washington
To Review…
1. The Major divisions of Earth Science
Geology
Oceanography
Meteorology
Astronomy
2. Earth’s Spheres
Hydrosphere
Atmosphere
Geosphere
Biosphere
3. Types of Maps
• Mercator – rectangular
shows true directions (NSEW) as straight lines.
features near the poles get stretched.
• Robinson
most widely used
shows most distances, sizes, and shapes
accurately
has distortion in areas around the edges
• Gnomonic
• shows the shortest distance as a straight line.
• both distance and direction get distorted.
• Polyconic- more accurate of the three, used to
make road maps and weather maps
Earth’s Grid
4. Latitude is the distance north or south of
the equator, measured in degrees
• The angle of Polaris (north star) above the
horizon indicates latitude
• Northern Hemisphere
• Southern Hemisphere
Latitude lines run east-west and measure northsouth
MITAD DEL MUNDO ECUADOR
Lat: 0o0’0”
5. Longitude is the distance east of west of
the prime meridian, measured in degrees
• The prime meridian runs through
Greenwich, England
• Longitude lines run north-south, measure
east-west
London, England
Long: 0o07’41”
Where would you be at 0 degrees latitude and 0 degrees longitude?
6. Always write latitude (north or south) then
longitude (east or west)
7. Other types of mapping provides the
ability to more precisely analyze Earth’s
physical properties
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Weather satellites
Landsat satellites
GPS
VLBI
8. Time Zones
• Local solar time (the time according to the
position of the sun) varies greatly as you
travel East and West. Time zones were
invented so that people in local areas can
agree on the same time.
• Four time zones in the Continental United
States are Eastern, Central, Mountain, and
Pacific
• Subtract one hour for each time zone
going west, add one hour for each time
zone going east
• The Earth is divided into 24 time zones
9. The Earth's structure is layered.
• Each layer is called a “sphere” since it wraps
around the ball of Earth.
• The lithosphere is the "rock layer" of the Earth.
• The hydrosphere is the "water layer" of the
Earth.
• The atmosphere is the "air layer" of the Earth.
• The atmosphere and hydrosphere are so thin
compared to the entire size of the Earth that, if
drawn as seen from space, the ink would be
thicker than each of the two layers would be if
drawn to scale.
10. Earth as a System
• Two energy sources
1. sun which drives processes that occur
in the atmosphere, hydrosphere, and
surface
2. Heat within the Earth produces
volcanoes, earthquakes and mountains
11. Environmental Problems
What are five global problems?