Transcript 5 Themes of Geography

THE 5 THEMES OF
GEOGRAPHY
Chapter 1
Arctic Ocean
Asia
Pacific
Ocean
North
America
Europe
Atlantic
Ocean
Africa
Indian
Ocean
South
America
Antarctica
Australia
THE FIVE THEMES OF
GEOGRAPHY
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Location
Place
Human-Environment Interaction
Movement
Regions
LOCATION
Where are we?
• Absolute Location
– A latitude and longitude
(global location) or a
street address (local
location).
– Paris France is 48o North
Latitude and 2o East
Longitude.
– The White House is
located at 1600
Pennsylvania Ave.
• Relative Location
– Described by landmarks,
time, direction or
distance. From one place
to another.
– Go 1 mile west on main
street and turn left for 1
block.
Latitude and Longitude
How do we find places on maps?
Latitude
What is Latitude?
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Lines of Latitude run horizontally
Latitude is measured in degrees.
The Equator is 0 degrees Latitude.
Lines of Latitude Are used to locate places
and measure distances North or South of the
Equator.
Longitude
• Lines of Longitude run vertically.
• They are also called Meridians.
• The Prime Meridian is found in Greenwich,
England.
• The Prime Meridian is 0 degrees Longitude.
• Lines of Longitude are used to locate
places and measure distances East or
West of the Prime Meridian.
Time Zones
• Time zones differ from their neighboring
time zones by 1 hour.
• The continental U.S. has 4 time zones,
Eastern, Central, Mountain, and Pacific.
• The International Dateline was established
following the 180th meridian, where ever
we cross it the date advances 1 day ( if you
are going west), or goes back 1 day (if you
are going east).
Time Zones
• In the Spring we shift the clocks 1
hour ahead. This is called Daylight
Saving Time. (Arizona and Hawaii DO
NOT observe DST)
• In the Fall we shift the clocks 1 hour
back.
U.S. Time Zones
PLACE
What is it like there, what kind of place is it?
• Human
• Physical
Characteristics
Characteristics
• What are the main
languages, customs, and
beliefs.
• How many people live,
work, and visit a place.
• Landforms (mountains,
rivers, etc.), climate,
vegetation, wildlife, soil,
etc.
HUMAN-ENVIRONMENT
INTERACTION
• How do humans and the environment affect
each other?
– We depend on it.
• People depend on the Mississippi River for water and
transportation.
– We modify it.
• People modify our environment by
heating and cooling buildings for comfort.
– We adapt to it.
• We adapt to the environment by wearing
clothing suitable for summer (shorts) and
winter (coats), rain and shine.
MOVEMENT
• How are people, goods, ideas moved from place
to place?
– Human Movement
• Trucks, Trains, Planes
– Information Movement
• Phones, computer (email), mail
– Idea Movement
• How do fads move from place to place?
TV, Radio, Magazines
MOVEMENT
• Nearly everywhere, people are
interdependent, relying on each other
for goods, services, and ideas
REGIONS
• How are Regions similar to and different from other
places?
– Formal Regions
• Regions defined by governmental or administrative boundaries (States,
Countries, Cities)
• Regions defined by similar characteristics (Corn Belt, Rocky Mountain
region, Chinatown).
– Functional Regions
• Regions defined by a function (newspaper service area, cell phone
coverage area).
– Vernacular Regions (Not in your book)
• Regions defined by peoples perception (middle east, the south, etc.)
Remembering the 5 themes
• If you can’t remembering what they
are just ask for HELP!!!
• M – Movement
• R – Regions
• HE – Human Environment interaction
• L – Location
• P - Place
Geography Skills Handbook
Parts of Maps
Parallels and Meridians
Types of Maps
Comparing Maps and Globes
Map Projections
Graphs, Charts, and Diagrams
KEY
KEY
COMPASS
ROSE
SCALE
BAR
1.
2.
What line of longitude
passes close to
Bordeaux?
What city is located east
of 5◦E and south of 45◦
N?
General Purpose Maps
Physical Maps
show landforms
and bodies of
water..
General Purpose Maps
Political Maps
show national
and regional
boundaries
and cities.
Special Purpose Map
These maps
emphasize a
single idea
about an area.
Imagine the Earth as an
orange, and the globe as
its peel.
Shapes are
correct, but the
sizes and
distances are
wrong.
The further away from the
Equator you get, the more
distorted the sizes get.
Graphs
These are charts uses
to present data visually.
Bar Graph: shows comparisons; makes highs
and lows stand out clearly.
Line Graph: shows a change between two variables.
Circle Graph
(pie chart):
uses percentages
to show how
parts of the whole
compare to one
another.
Pictograph:
uses pictures
of the subject
to present
information.
Tables: present information in a organized manner.