Transcript Safety and Body Mechanics

Mental Health
and Mental Illness
CHAPTER 20
Learning Objectives
•
Identify 7 characteristics of mental health
•
Identify 4 causes of mental illness
•
List guidelines for communicating with mentally ill residents
•
Identify and define common defense mechanisms
•
Describe the symptoms of anxiety, depression, and schizophrenia
•
Explain treatment and care of residents who are mentally ill
•
List signs of substance abuse
Mental Health
1. Gets along with others
2. Adapts to change
3. Cares for self and others
4. Gives and accepts love
5. Deals with situations that cause anxiety, disappointment, and frustration
6. Takes responsibility for decisions, feelings, and actions
7. Controls and fulfills desires and impulses appropriately
Mental Illness
Signs/Symptoms Causes
Confusion
Physical factors
Disorientation
Environmental factors
Agitation
Heredity or family influence
Anxiety
Stress (including coping abilities)
Fact or Fallacy?
People with mental
illness can control their
symptoms.
Mental illness and
intellectual disability are
NOT the same.
Being mentally ill reduces
stress and prevents some
physical diseases.
Communication Guidelines
Do NOT talk to
adults as if they
were children
Use simple, clear
statements and a
normal tone of
voice
Communicate
respect and
concern
Sit or stand at a
normal distance
Listen closely
Maintain eye
contact
Avoid arguments
Be honest and
direct
Defense Mechanisms
Denial
• Completely rejecting the thought or feeling
Projection
• Seeing feelings in others that are really one’s own
Displacement
• Transferring a strong negative feeling to a safer situation
Rationalization
• Making excuses to justify a situation
Repression
• Blocking unacceptable thoughts or painful feelings from the mind
Regression
• Going back to an old, usually immature behavior
Symptoms of Anxiety, Depression & Schizophrenia
Anxiety
Depression
Schizophrenia
• Uneasiness or fear
• Symptoms – sweating, dizziness, cold/clammy
hands, racing heart, shakiness
• Serious mental illness
• Symptoms – apathy, sleeplessness, pain,
difficulty concentrating, guilt, irritability,
fatigue
Panic disorder
• Brain disorder that affects a person’s ability to
think clearly and understand reality
• Does NOT mean the person has a split
personality
OCD
•Repeated episodes of
intense fear that
something bad will happen
•Repeated thoughts or
behaviors
PTSD
•Caused by a traumatic
experience
Treatment & Care
•
Medication
Psychotherapy
Caring for residents with mental illness
•
Observe for changes
•
Ability
•
Positive or negative mood changes
•
Behavior changes
•
Comments about hurting themselves or
others
•
Physical symptoms
•
Provoking events, situations or people
•
Support the resident, family and friends
•
Encourage independence
Substance Abuse
•
Repeated use of legal or illegal drugs,
cigarettes, or alcohol in a way that is harmful
to oneself or others
•
Signs
•
•
Change in physical appearance
•
Change in personality
•
Irritability
•
Substance odor on breath or clothes
•
Unexplained changes in vital signs
•
Loss of appetite
•
Need for money
•
Confusion or forgetfulness
•
Blackouts or memory loss
REPORT ANY OF THESE TO THE NURSE
Review
•
Mental health
•
Mental illness
•
Guidelines for communicating with mentally ill residents
•
Defense mechanisms
•
Symptoms of anxiety, depression, and schizophrenia
•
Treatment and care of mentally ill residents
•
Substance abuse