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Chapter 7
Somatoform and Dissociative
Disorders
Abnormal Psychology, Eighth Edition
by
Gerald C. Davison and John M. Neale
Lecture notes created by Paul J. Wellman, Texas A&M University
© 2000 John Wiley & Sons, Inc.
Davison and Neale: Abnormal Psychology, 8e
Ch 7
Somatoform Disorders
• Psychological factors produce physical symptoms in
the Somatoform Disorders:
– Conversion disorder involves a change in sensory/motor
function
– Somatization disorder involves recurrent, multiple somatic
complaints
– In pain disorder, chronic pain results in distress
– Body dysmorphic disorder involves a preoccupation with
an imagined physical defect
– Hypochondriasis is a preoccupation with disease
© 2000 John Wiley & Sons, Inc.
Davison and Neale: Abnormal Psychology, 8e
Ch 7.1
Conversion Disorder
• Conversion Disorder involves sensory or
motor symptoms
– Not related to known physiology of the body
• E.g. glove anesthesia
– Conversion symptoms appear suddenly
– Conversion symptoms are related to stress
– The person experiencing conversion disorder is
not distressed by sudden paralysis or blindness
© 2000 John Wiley & Sons, Inc.
Davison and Neale: Abnormal Psychology, 8e
Ch 7.2
Somatization Disorder
• Somatization Disorder involves recurrent,
multiple somatic complaints with no known
physical basis
• Diagnostic criteria include:
– Four pain symptoms in different locations
– Two gastrointestinal symptoms
– One sexual symptom other than pain
– One pseudoneurological symptom
• Lifetime prevalence is < 0.5%
© 2000 John Wiley & Sons, Inc.
Davison and Neale: Abnormal Psychology, 8e
Ch 7.3
Etiology of Somatoform
Disorders
• Somatization disorder reflects oversensitivity to
physical sensations
• Conversion disorder
– Psychoanalytic view focuses on unconscious
complexes and secondary gain
– Behavioral view focuses on similarity to malingering
– The incidence of conversion disorder has declined,
suggesting a role for social factors
© 2000 John Wiley & Sons, Inc.
Davison and Neale: Abnormal Psychology, 8e
Ch 7.4
Therapy for Conversion
Disorders
• Conversion disorder clients seek help from
physicians and resent referrals to
psychotherapists
– Psychoanalytic therapy is not effective for conversion
disorder
– The cognitive-behavioral approach involves pointing out
selective attention to physical sensations and
discouraging the client from seeking medical assistance
© 2000 John Wiley & Sons, Inc.
Davison and Neale: Abnormal Psychology, 8e
Ch 7.5
Dissociative Disorders
• Dissociative Disorders involve the inability to recall
important personal events or identity
– Dissociative amnesia is the inability to recall important
personal information
– Dissociative fugue involves extensive memory loss
– Depersonalization disorder involves an alteration of a
person’s self-experience
– Dissociative identity disorder (DID) involves the
presence of two different identities (alters)
© 2000 John Wiley & Sons, Inc.
Davison and Neale: Abnormal Psychology, 8e
Ch 7.6
Etiology of Dissociative
Disorders
• Consciousness is normally a unified
experience,consisting of cognition, emotion
and motivation
– Stress may alter the fashion in which memories
are stored resulting in amnesia or fugue
– DID may result from
• Severe physical/sexual abuse
• Learned social role enactment
© 2000 John Wiley & Sons, Inc.
Davison and Neale: Abnormal Psychology, 8e
Ch 7.7
Therapies for Dissociative
Disorders
• Psychoanalytic therapy seeks to lift
repressed memories
• Hypnosis is used in the treatment of DID
• Goal of therapy for DID is to
– Integrate the several personalities
– Help each alter understand that he or she is
part of one person
– Treat the alters with fairness and empathy
© 2000 John Wiley & Sons, Inc.
Davison and Neale: Abnormal Psychology, 8e
Ch 7.8
Copyright
Copyright 2000 by John Wiley & Sons, New York, NY. All
rights reserved. No part of the material protected by this
copyright may be reproduced or utilized in any form or by
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retrieval system, without written permission of the copyright
owner.
© 2000 John Wiley & Sons, Inc.
Davison and Neale: Abnormal Psychology, 8e