Transcript Psychological Health - McGraw Hill Higher Education

© 2012 McGraw-Hill Higher Education. All rights reserved.
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Defining Psychological Health

Positive Psychology
› Positive definition
Abraham Maslow’s “Toward a Psychology of Being”
(1960’s)
 Hierarchy of needs

› Realism
› Acceptance
 Self-concept
 Self-esteem
› Autonomy
› Authenticity
› Capacity for intimacy
› Creativity
© 2012 McGraw-Hill Higher Education. All rights reserved.
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What Psychological Health is
Not
Not the same as psychological normality
 Mentally normal simply means being
close to average
 Psychological diversity

› Range of ideas, lifestyles and attitudes

“Mentally ill” versus “Mentally healthy”
© 2012 McGraw-Hill Higher Education. All rights reserved.
3
Meeting Life’s Challenges

Growing Up Psychologically
› Developing an adult identity
› Developing intimacy
› Developing values and purpose in your life
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Achieving Healthy Self-Esteem

Developing a Positive Self-Concept
› Begins in childhood
› Integration
› Stability

Meeting Challenges to Self-Esteem
› Notice your patterns of thinking
› Avoid focusing on the negative
› Develop realistic self-talk


Being Less Defensive
Being Optimistic
© 2012 McGraw-Hill Higher Education. All rights reserved.
5
Maintaining Healthy SelfEsteem

Maintaining honest communication
› Assertiveness training
Dealing with loneliness
 Dealing with anger

› Managing your own anger
› Dealing with anger in other people
© 2012 McGraw-Hill Higher Education. All rights reserved.
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Psychological Disorders

Anxiety Disorders
› Simple, or specific, phobia
 Fear of something definite
 Most common and understandable
› Social phobia
 15 million Americans
 Fear of humiliation or embarrassment while being
observed by others
› Panic disorders
 Sudden unexpected surges in anxiety




Rapid and strong heart beat
Shortness of breath
Loss of physical equilibrium
Feeling of losing mental control
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Psychological Disorders

Generalized anxiety disorder (GAD)
› Reaction to future threats is to worry
› Worries have taken over

Obsessive-compulsive disorder (OCD)
› Obsessions – recurrent, unwanted thoughts
› Compulsions – repetitive, difficult-to-resist actions

Post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD)
› Reaction to a severely traumatic event

Treating anxiety disorders
› Medication
› Psychological interventions
 Cognitive-behavioral
© 2012 McGraw-Hill Higher Education. All rights reserved.
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Mood Disorders

Depression
› Demoralization






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Feeling of sadness and hopelessness
Loss of pleasure in doing usual activities
Poor appetite and weight loss
Insomnia or disturbed sleep
Restlessness or, alternatively, fatigue
Thoughts of worthlessness and guilt
Trouble concentrating or making decisions
Thoughts of death or suicide
› Dysthymic disorder
 Symptoms for longer than 2 years
› Treating depression
 Medications, therapy, electroconvulsive therapy
 Seasonal affective disorder (SAD)
© 2012 McGraw-Hill Higher Education. All rights reserved.
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Mood Disorders

Mania and Bipolar Disorder
› Mania versus bipolar disorder
› Treatment

Schizophrenia
› Not rare
› Uncertainty about causes
› General characteristics




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Disorganized thoughts
Inappropriate emotions
Delusions
Auditory hallucinations
Deteriorating social and work functioning
© 2012 McGraw-Hill Higher Education. All rights reserved.
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Getting Help

Self-help
›
›
›
›


Books
Writing a journal
Religious belief and practice
Social network
Peer counseling and support groups
Professional help
› Determine the need
› Types of psychotherapy
› Choosing a mental health professional
 Psychiatrists

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Clinical psychologists
Social workers
Licensed counselors
Clergy
Treatment team
© 2012 McGraw-Hill Higher Education. All rights reserved.
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Suicide and Self-Injury

Suicide statistics
› Prevalence
› Gender
› Ethnicity
› Age

Self-inflicted injury
› Prevalence
› Gender
› Maladaptive coping strategy
› Possible warning sign
© 2012 McGraw-Hill Higher Education. All rights reserved.
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Suicide: Warning Signs & Risk
Factors
Expressing the wish to
be dead or revealing
contemplated
methods
 Increasing social
withdrawal/isolation
 Sudden inexplicable
lightening of mood
 History of previous
attempts

© 2012 McGraw-Hill Higher Education. All rights reserved.
Suicide by a family
member or friend
 Readily available
means of committing
suicide
 History of substance
abuse or eating
disorders
 Serious medical
problems

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