Transcript Psychological Health

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Contributes to every dimension of
wellness.
 Defining Psychological Health

› Positively (presence of wellness)
› Negatively ( absence of sickness)
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Abraham Maslow’s “Toward a Psychology of Being” (1960’s)
Self-Actualization
› Positive definition
› Ambitious outlook that encourages us to fulfill our own potential.
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Hierarchy of needs
› Studied very successful people (Self-actualization)
 Abraham Lincoln, Henry David Thoreau, Ludwig van Beethoven,
Eleanor Roosevelt, and Albert Einstein
› Realism
› Acceptance
 Self-concept
 Self-esteem
› Autonomy
 Inner-directed
 Other-directed
› Authenticity
› Intimacy
› Creativity
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Not the same as psychological normality.
 Mentally normal simply means being
close to average
 Psychological diversity
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› Range of ideas, lifestyles and attitudes

“Mentally ill” versus “Mentally healthy”
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Growing Up Psychologically
› Developing Adult identity
› Developing Intimacy
› Developing Values and Purpose
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
Developing a Positive Self-Concept
› Begins in childhood
› Integration
› Stability
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Meeting Challenges to Self-Esteem
› Challenge is your self-concept
 Acknowledge that something has gone wrong
› Notice your patterns of thinking
› Develop realistic self-talk
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Being less defensive
Being optimistic
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Maintaining honest communication
› Assertiveness training
Dealing with loneliness
 Dealing with anger
 Managing your own anger
 Dealing with anger in other people
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
Anxiety Disorders
› Simple phobia or Specific phobia
 Fear of something definite
 Most common and most understandable
› Social phobia
 15 million Americans
 Fear of humiliation or embarrassment while being
observed by others
› Panic disorders
 Sudden unexpected surges in anxiety
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Rapid and strong heart beat
Shortness of breath
Loss of physical equilibrium
Feeling of losing mental control
 Agoraphobia
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
Generalized anxiety disorder (GAD)
› Reaction to future threats is to worry
› Worries have taken over
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Obsessive-Compulsive disorder (OCD)
› Obsessions – recurrent, unwanted thoughts
› Compulsions – repetitive, difficult-to-resist actions
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Post-Traumatic Stress disorder (PTSD)
› Reaction to a severely traumatic event
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Treatment for anxiety disorders
› Medication
› Psychological interventions
 Cognitive-behavioral
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Depression
› Demoralization
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Feeling of sadness and hopelessness
Loss of pleasure
Poor appetite
Insomnia
Restlessness
Thoughts of worthlessness
Trouble concentrating
Thoughts of death or suicide
› Dysthymic disorder
 Symptoms for longer than 2 years
› Suicide
 Warning signs
 Men have a higher incidence than women
 Treatment
 Electroconvulsive therapy
 Seasonal affective disorder (SAD)
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Expressing the ‘wish’ to
be dead
Increasing social
withdrawal/isolation
Sudden inexplicable
lightening of mood
Previous history of
attempts
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Suicide by a family
member or friend
Readily available
means of committing
suicide
History of substance
abuse or eating
disorders
Serious medical
problems
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
Mania and Bipolar Disorder
› Gender differences
 Equal numbers of men and women suffer, women are
nearly twice as likely as men to be clinically depressed
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Schizophrenia
› Uncertain about what causes it
› General characteristics
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Disorganized thoughts
Inappropriate emotions
Delusions
Auditory hallucinations
Deteriorating social and work function
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Four Different perspectives
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2.
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4.
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Biological

pharmacological therapy
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Antidepressants
Mood stabilizers
Antipsychotics
Anxiolytics and hypnotics (sleeping pills)
Stimulants (Ritilin, ADHA)
Anti-dementia
Behavioral
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Stimulus, response, and reinforcement
Practice exposure
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Ideas, attitudes, behaviors and feelings
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Thoughts
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Combining different therapies
Cognitive
Psychodynamic
Evaluation of the models
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
Self Help
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Books
Writing a journal
Religious
Social groups
Peer counseling and support groups
Professional
› Determine the need
› Choosing a mental health professional
 Psychiatrists
 Clinical psychologists
 Social workers
 Licensed Counselors
 Clergy
 Treatment Team
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