Transcript personality - McCardellHPE

PERSONALITY
An individual’s unique
pattern of
characteristics.
INFLUENCES
• Heredity: helps determine intellectual
abilities, temperament, and talents
• Environment: everything that is around
you; where you live, the people around
you, etc.
• Attitudes: feeling or emotion a person
has toward something
• Behaviors: what you do
PERSONALITY TYPE
There are four dimensions to personality
type.
1. How you focus energy:
extroverted-energized by people
and things; introverted-energized
by ideas and images
2. How you gather information:
sensing-trust tangible information
that you gather from your senses;
intuitive-give more weight to
information from your insight and
imagination
3. How you make decisions: thinking-
you base your decisions on
objective principles and facts;
feeling-you trust your gut and
weigh decisions against people
issues and concerns
4. How you get work done: judging-
your approach to doing things is
structured and organized;
perceiving-your approach to doing
things is flexible, you adapt as you
do things and prefer open-ended
deadlines
ADDICTION
• A compelling desire to use a
drug or engage in a specific
behavior, continued use despite
negative consequences, and a
loss of contol.
Affect on health status
• Harm physical health
• Jeopardize safety
• Harm relationships
• Cause problems with the law
• Jeopardize financial health
Characteristics for teens at risk
• Depression or a negative self-image
• Genetic vulnerability
• Feelings of guilt or shame
• Traumatic childhoods
• Feelings of tension, anxiety,
boredom or loneliness
• Difficulty expressing feelings
• Trouble managing anger
• Trouble accepting repsonsibility for
their actions
• A constant need for approval
• A need to control others
• Poor coping skills
• Difficulty with authority
figures
• Difficulty delaying gratification
• Personal problems that they
deny
TYPES OF ADDICTIONS
• Drugs: including alcohol,
prescription drugs, illegal drugs,
nicotine
• Exercise
• Gambling
• Perfectionism
• Relationships
• Shopping
• Television, computer, phones
• Thrill-seeking
• Work
WHAT TO DO ABOUT
ADDICITONS
• Stay informed
• Be aware of characteristics of at risk
possibilities
• Recognize the addiction
• Get help
– Formal intervention: an action by people
who want a person to get treatment;
confront addict with what they see and
feel
SIGNS OF ADDICTION
• A compelling desire to take a drug
or engage in a behavior
• Taking a drug or engaging in
behavior instead of dealing with
feelings of anxiety, depression,
boredom, or loneliness
• Feeling bad about oneself after
using or engaging
• Using or engaging even when there
are negative consequences
• Trying to stop but unable to do so
CODEPENDENCE
• A problem in which a person
neglects self to care for,
control, or try to “fix” someone
else
• Enabler: a person who supports
the harmful behavior of others
CHARACTERISTICS OF
CODEPENDENTS
• Deny their feelings
• Focus on fixing other people’s
problems
• Try to control other people
• Feel responsible for what other
people say or do
• Seek approval of others
• Have difficulty having fun
• Have difficulty allowing others to
care for them
• Try to protect others from the
harmful consequences of their
behavior
• Do not meet their own needs
• Avoid living their own lives by
concentrating on other people
MENTAL DISORDERS
• A behavioral or psychological
syndrome or pattern that occurs in
an individual and that is associated
with distress or disability or with a
significantly increased risk of
suffering, death, pain, disability, or
an important loss of freedom
• Causes
– Biological can be caused by genes,
physical injuries, and illnesses that
affect brain
– Psychological influences include
stress, traumatic experiences, and
poor coping skills
CATEGORIES OF MENTAL
DISORDERS
• Anxiety disorders: real or imagined
threat prevent a person from
enjoying life
– General Anxiety Disorder (GAD)-a
chronic or long-lasting state of
anxiety, fear and tenseness; feel
anxious most of the time; symptoms
include fatigue, headaches,
muscle tension, muscle aches,
difficulty swallowing,
trembling, irritability,
sweating, increased heart
rate, hot flashes
– Obsessive Compulsive Disorder
(OCD)-persistent, unwelcome
thoughts or images and engages in
certain rituals
– Panic disorder-feelings of terror
strike suddenly and repeatedly
with no warning
– Specific phobia: a disorder in
which there is excessive fear
of certain objects, situations,
or people that pose little or no
actual danger; the fear is real
though not realistic
• Cognitive disorder: the brain
deteriorates in function
– Dementia: affects memory,
language and reasoning;
progresses from mild to severe
and is fatal
• Conduct disorder: a person
regularly violates the rights of
others and breaks social rules
– Bullying, fighting, cruelty to
animals
• Eating disorders
– A person has a compelling need to
starve, to binge, or to binge and purge
• Anorexia nervosa-person starves
their body and weighs 15% or more
below the healthful weight for their
body type; extreme exercise,
laxatives, vomiting are means of
weight control
• Bulimia-person binges (consume
large quantities of food
quickly), and then forces
themselves to vomit, take
laxatives or diuretics
– Mood disorders: extreme moods
• Clinical depression-long lasting
feelings of hopelessness, sadness,
or helplessness; diagnosis occurs
when there has not been a recent
trauma and they still experience 5
of 9 general symptoms-deep
sadness, apathy, fatigue, agitation,
sleep disturbance, weight or
appetite changes, lack of
concentration, feeling of
worthlessness, morbid thoughts
– Bipolar disorder: moods vary
from extreme happiness to
extreme depression
– Seasonal affective disorder
(SAD)-type of depression that
usually occurs during reduced
exposure to sunlight
• Personality disorders: pattern of
thinking, feeling, and acting
interfere with daily living
– Antisocial personality disorder:
patterns of behavior are in conflict
with society
– Borderline personality disorder (BPD)
sudden changes in mood, relationships,
and behaviors
• Schizophrenia: a breakdown in
logical thought processes
resulting in unusual behavior;
hallucinations, delusions, and a
distorted perception of reality
are symptoms; not curable but
treated with medication
• Somatoform disorders: a
person has symptoms of disease
by no physical cause can be
found
– Hypochondria-constantly
worried about illness
TREATMENT FOR MENTAL
DISORDERS AND ADDICTION
• Formal intervention
• Evaluation-physical exam and
psychological/psychiatric evaluation
• Medication
• Inpatient and outpatient treatment
• Therapy
• Support groups