Transcript File

Abnormal Psychology
(Psychological ________)
Chapter 14
Over ___ million suffers across all cultures.
1
Psychological Disorders
“_______________”
•Harmful thoughts, feelings,
and actions.
1. ____________ Behavior
(________ relevant)
2. Causes ___________
3. ____________ Behavior
(judged to be atypical,
disturbing, maladaptive and
unjustifiable)
2
Early Theories
• Abnormal behavior was _____________
trying to get out.
• Treatment: _____________, _________,
being caged like animals, being beaten,
burned, castrated, mutilated, or
transfused with animal’s blood
________ Model
•NOT demonic possession, but an ailment
of the mind
•Philippe Pinel & Dorthea ____ (1800s)
•Used to review the physical causes of
disorders
1.
2.
3.
4.
Etiology: Cause and development of the
disorder.
__________: Identifying (symptoms) and
distinguishing one disease from another.
___________: Treating a disorder in a
psychiatric hospital.
Prognosis: Forecast about the disorder.
4
Perspectives and Disorders
Psychological School/Perspective
___________________
_________________
Cause of the Disorder
Internal, unconscious drives
Failure to strive to one’s potential or
being out of touch with one’s feelings.
_______________
Reinforcement history, the
environment.
_______________
Irrational, dysfunctional thoughts or
ways of thinking.
Sociocultural
Biomedical/Neuroscience
Dysfunctional Society
Organic problems, biochemical
imbalances, genetic predispositions.
____________
•Describes _______
psychological disorders
compared to 60 in the 1950s
• Diagnostic Statistical
Manual of Mental
Disorders (American
_________ Association )
• DSM will classify
disorders and describe
the s___________.
• ____________
• DSM will NOT explain
the causes or possible
cures.
Two Major Classifications in the
DSM
_________ Disorders
• Distressing but one can
still function in society
and act __________.
_________ Disorders
• Person loses contact
with _______,
experiences distorted
perceptions.
John Wayne Gacy
DSM Classifications
Axis I
Axis II
Is a __________ Syndrome (cognitive, anxiety,
mood disorders [___ syndromes]) present?
Is a ___________ Disorder or Mental
Retardation present?
Is a General __________ Condition (diabetes,
Axis III
hypertension or arthritis etc) also present?
Are Psychosocial or ______________ Problems
Axis IV
(school or housing issues) also present?
What is the ________________ of the person’s
Axis V functioning?
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9
10
The ________ Study
• Rosenhan’s associates faked
symptoms of
_____________.
• They were ALL ______ for
schizophrenia.
• None were exposed as
imposters.
• They all left diagnosed with
__________ in remission.
• What are some of the
questions raised by this
study?
• _________________
(stigmatizing or helpful)
Psychological Disorders & ______
“________” Defense
• Criminal Law
• ________________
• _________ not
_________
Disorders
• Legal Question –
__________ make
final decision not
psychologist
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________ Disorders
• a group of
conditions where
the primary
symptoms are
anxiety or defenses
against anxiety.
• A state of intense
__________,
uneasiness,
uncertainty, or ___.
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
_____
Panic Attack
Phobias
______
______
_________________ Disorder
GAD
• An anxiety disorder in
which a person is
______________,
apprehensive and in a
state of autonomic
nervous system
_______.
• The patient is
constantly tense and
worried, feels
inadequate, is
__________, can’t
concentrate and
suffers from _______.
_______ Disorder
• An anxiety disorder
marked by a
___________
episode of ______
dread in which a
person experiences
terror and
accompanying _____
pain, ______ and
other frightening
sensations.
_________
• A person experiences sudden
episodes of __________.
• Must be an ____________.
• Object or ________
(_________ --open spaces)
____________ disorder
OCD
• Persistent
unwanted ________
(obsessions) cause
someone to feel the
need to engage in a
________________
/particular action
(compulsion) .
• Obsession about
dirt and _____ may
lead to compulsive
_____________.
____________________ Disorder
•Obsessions & Compulsions
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________________ Disorder
PTSD
• ________ or nightmares
following a person’s
involvement in or
observation of an
extremely ________
event.
• Event causes harmful
memories, _______,
anxiety, social _______,
and _________ problems.
• Women 0nly __% / Men
___%
_________ of Anxiety Disorders?
•We ______ our painful and intolerable ideas,
feelings, and thoughts, resulting in anxiety.
•Fear ___________ & _____________ Anxiety
•________ & Natural Selection causes anxiety
for certain objects/ situations
•Generalized anxiety, panic attacks, and even
OCD are linked with ____ circuits like the
______________________
20
_________ Disorders
• Occur when a person
manifests a
___________ problem
through a
___________
symptom.
• ___ Disorder
• ____________
Disorder
• 2 other types …
__________
• Has frequent
_______________ for
which medical
doctors are unable
to locate the ____.
• They usually believe
that the minor issues
(headache, upset
stomach) are
indicative are more
_________________.
__________ Disorder
• Report the
existence of severe
physical problems
with no _________
reason.
• Like ________ or
paralysis.
Pol Pot
________ Disorders
• These disorders
involve a disruption
in the ________
process.
• Conscious
awareness becomes
___________
(dissociated) from
previous memories,
thoughts, and
feelings
• Three types….
Psychogenic/Dissociative ______
• A person cannot
_________ things with
no ____________ basis
for the disruption in
memory.
• ____________ Amnesia
• NOT _________
amnesia.
• Organic amnesia can be
retrograde or
___________.
Dissociative ________
• People with
psychogenic
amnesia that find
themselves in an
______________ and
cannot ___________.
Dissociative ______ Disorder
• Used to be known as
_________________
Disorder.
• A person has _______
rather than one
integrated personality.
• People with DID
commonly have a
history of childhood
______ or trauma.
• Critics: ___________ &
_______ Response
Mood Disorders
• Experience __________ or inappropriate
_________.
Major __________
1.
2.
3.
4.
• A.K.A. _________ depression
• Unhappy for at least ____
weeks with no ________ cause
(_______-induced & may selfterminate)
• Depression is the
“______________” of
________ and fatigue psychological disorders.
Feelings of _____________
Loss of interest in family &
_________
Loss of interest in ___________
Depression more likely among
_______ & on the _____
(especially among _______)
•Most severe behavioral response to depression is _______
•Over ___________ / yr worldwide commit suicide
_______________ Disorder
• Experience
_________ during
the _______
months.
• Based not on
temperature, but on
amount of ______.
• Treated with
_______ therapy.
_______ Disorder
• Formally _________________.
• Involves periods of depression and _______ episodes.
• Manic episodes involve feelings of _____________ (but
they tend to differ a lot…some get confident and some
get irritable).
• Engage in ________ behavior during the manic
episode.
Whitman
Wolfe
Clemens
Hemingway
Bipolar
Disorder
Depressive Symptoms
Manic Symptoms
________
__________
Withdrawn
Euphoria
Inability to make decisions
_______
Slowness of thought
Desire for action
___________
Multiple ideas
________ Perspective & Mood
_________ Influences: Mood disorders run in
________. The rate of depression is higher in
________ (50%) than fraternal twins (20%).
Linkage analysis and
association studies link
possible genes and
dispositions for depression.
____________ & Depression
•A reduction of
____________ and
__________ has been
linked with
depression.
•Drugs that alleviate
mania reduce
norepinephrine.
Pre-synaptic
Neuron
Norepinephrine
Serotonin
Post-synaptic
Neuron
The Depressed __________
_____ scans show that brain ________
consumption rises and falls with manic and
depressive episodes.
____________ Perspective &
Depression ________
1. Negative _________
events.
2. _________ & SelfDefeating.
3. __________ depressed
state.
4. These hamper the way
the individual thinks
and _____, fueling
personal rejection.
_________ Disorders
• “_______ Mind”
• About __ in every 100
people are diagnosed with
schizophrenia.
Symptoms of Schizophrenia
1. ___________ & __________
thinking.
2. Disturbed __________
3. _____________ Emotions
and Actions
____________________ Disorder
•Obsessions & Compulsions
39
________________ Disorder
PTSD
• ________ or nightmares
following a person’s
involvement in or
observation of an
extremely ________
event.
• Event causes harmful
memories, _______,
anxiety, social _______,
and _________ problems.
• Women 0nly __% / Men
___%
_________ of Anxiety Disorders?
•We ______ our painful and intolerable ideas,
feelings, and thoughts, resulting in anxiety.
•Fear ___________ & _____________ Anxiety
•________ & Natural Selection causes anxiety
for certain objects/ situations
•Generalized anxiety, panic attacks, and even
OCD are linked with ____ circuits like the
______________________
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___________ Thinking
• The thinking of a
person with
Schizophrenia is
_________ and
_______ and
distorted with false
beliefs.
• Disorganized thinking
comes from a
breakdown in
______________
• - they _______ filter
out information.
Disorganized & __________ Thinking
 Delusions = _____________
This morning when I was at Hillside [Hospital], I was
making a movie. I was surrounded by movie stars …
I’m Mary Poppins. Is this room painted blue to get me
upset? My grandmother died four weeks after my
(Sheehan, 1982)
eighteenth birthday.”
Delusions of _________ --“someone is following
me”
Delusions of __________ --“I am a king”
Disturbed __________
• ____________sensory
experiences
without sensory
stimulation.
• __________, visual,
somatosensory,
olfactory, or
gustatory
Inappropriate _________ and
___________
• Laugh at
inappropriate times.
• __________ (show no
emotion)
• Senseless, compulsive
acts.
• __________motionless
(______Flexibility)
Positive v. Negative Symptoms
__________ Symptoms
•Presence of
____________ symptoms
•____________,
disorganized or
delusional talking
________ Symptoms
•Absence of
__________ ones.
•____________ faces,
rigid bodies
Schizophrenia
 ___ in a 100
______ million people worldwide
Usually begins during ________
Men & Women equally but more severe for ______
__________/Process Schizophrenia -- slow to
develop & recovery is doubtful (usually
display ________ symptoms)
_________/Reactive Schizophrenia -- rapidly
develops & recovery is better (usually show
________ symptoms)
Types of Schizophrenia
__________ Schizophrenia
• disorganized _______
or behavior, or ____ or
inappropriate emotion.
• _______________
• "Imagine the worst
Systematic,
sympathetic
Quite pathetic,
apologetic, paramedic
Your heart is prosthetic"
________ Schizophrenia
• preoccupation with
______ or
___________.
• Somebody is out to
get me!!!!
_______ Schizophrenia
• __________
• _____________
• parrot like
________ of
another’s speech and
movements
__________ Schizophrenia
• Many and
_______
Symptoms.
Schizophrenia _______?
Schizophrenia is a disease of the ______
exhibited by the symptoms of the mind.
•________, Fetal Development, ___________
•________________: Researchers found that
schizophrenic patients express higher levels of
dopamine D4 receptors in the brain.
•Abnormal ______ Activity: Brain scans
show abnormal activity in the frontal
cortex, thalamus, and ___________
•___________ of fluid-filled ___________.
__________ Disorders
• Characterized by
_________ and
________ behavior
patterns that impair
_______ functioning
• Dominates their
personality.
• Usually without
______, ________, or
delusions
3 clusters:
• _______
•________
•________
_______ Personality Disorder
• Lack of __________ for
wrongdoing
• Lack of _________.
• Little _______ for
other’s feelings.
• View the world as
hostile and look out for
themselves.
• _______ or _________
• Less _____ hormones &
smaller __________?
_______ Personality Disorder
• Needs to be the
_______ of attention.
• Whether acting
________ or dressing
____________.
_______ Personality Disorder
• Having an
unwarranted sense of
_____________.
• Thinking that you are
the center of the
_________.
_________ Personality Disorder
• _____________ on
the attention and
help of others.
_______________ Personality
Disorder
• Overly concerned
with certain ________
and performing
certain ________.
• Not as extreme as
______________.
Other Disorders
• Sexual Disorders -_________, ________,
Sadist, Masochist,
_________
• ________ Disorders
• ________ Disorders
• ________-related
disorders
• ____________
• ________ Disorders
• ________ Disorders
• __________
______ of Psychological Disorders