Transcript M_E.128910.14x

*
Unit 1
Chapters 1-2, 8-10
Health is the combination of your
physical, mental/emotional, and social
wellbeing.
*
• Physical Health- the way the parts and
systems of your body work together. How do
you cope?
• Mental and Emotional Health- feelings,
relationships, and coping.
• Social Health- the way you get along with
others
*
Mental &
Emotional
Physical
Social
*
What does
your Health
Triangle like?
How air, water, noise, and chemical
pollution affect your health.
*
*
Wellness is an overall state of well-being,
or total health.
*
• Lifestyle Factors
Lifestyle factors are personal behaviors, and
habits related to the way a person lives, that
help determine his or her level of health.
• Your Attitude, Your Health
• Wellness and Prevention
Prevention is practicing health habits to keep a
person well and free from disease and other
ailments.
*
Health Education is providing accurate
health information in such a way as to
influence people to change attitudes so
that they take positive action about their
health.
*
Health literacy is an individual’s
capacity to obtain, interpret, and
understand basic health information
and services and use such information
services in ways that promote his or
health wellness.
*
• Critical thinker/Problem solver
• Responsible, productive citizen
• A self-directed learner
• Effective communicator
*
Heredity is all the traits and properties
that are passed along biologically from
both parents to child.
*
Environment is the sum total of your
surroundings- your family, where you grew
up, where you live now, and all of your
experiences.
- It includes your social environment
*
Physical Environment
- where do you live? Work? Play?
- influences total health & contributes
to sense of well-being
Social Environment
-peers/peer pressure
Cultural Environment
- community, ethnic group, nation, or
section of the globe
*
Peers are people the same age who share
a similar range of interests.
https://www.youtube.com/watch?feature=player_detailpage&v=rgNCNukdr-Q
Culture is the collective beliefs,
customs, and behaviors of a group.
The way you to choose to act within your
environment, with your inherited abilities
is very important.
*
•
•
•
•
•
Risk Factors and Teens
Examining your habits and behaviors
Cumulative Risks
Taking Responsibility for the health of others
Protective Factors
*
Risk factors are action or behaviors that
represent a potential health threat.
6 Personal health risk behaviors:
• Behaviors that contribute to unintentional and
intentional injuries
• Tobacco use
• Alcohol and other drug use
• Sexual behavior
• Unhealthy eating behaviors
• Physical inactivity
*
Where do you fit in on the
spectrum? Most students
do not actually engage in
negative behaviors, but
many feel pressured to
participate.
*
Cumulative risks may be a combination of risk factors
that can combine for a serious outcome.
• Driving over the speed limit
• Not wearing your seat belt
• Texting
http://www.youtube.com/watch?feature=player_detailpage&v=7BHFqq0y
KKE
*
• Think of the “ripple effect”
• What are your values?
• How do you reach out to your community?
*
Who helps protect you? List three people you know who
have a positive role in your life.
Positive Role Models- Those that inspire you to be better
Positive Values- honesty, integrity, loyalty, and hard work.
Your family may provide a strong value system.
*
Values are beliefs and standards of conduct that
you find important.
Abstinence is voluntarily choosing not to do
something.
When it comes to abstinence, think about setting
the stage for your future self…
Health skills are specific tools and strategies that lead to
better and more informed health choices.
• Communication Skills
• Refusal Skills
*
• Clearly say what you mean
• Pay attention to how you say something
• Be a good listener
• Be aware of your facial expressions and gestures
Communication is a process through which you send
message to and receive messages from others.
*
Refusal skills are techniques that can help you refuse when
you are urged to take part in unsafe and unhealthful
behaviors.
•
•
•
•
•
Say NO
Explain what you are refusing
Suggest alternatives to the proposed activity
Back up your words using body language
Leave if necessary
*
• Building Self-Esteem
• Stress Management Skills
Stress is the body’s and mind’s reaction to
everday demands.
*
• Examining the messages you
send yourself
• Focusing on the things you
do well
Self-esteem is the confidence
and worth that you feel about
yourself.
*
• Rechanneling your
energy
• Relaxing
• Laughing
*
• Accessing Reliable Information
• Consider the source
• Consider the “angle”
• Getting Help
• Think of people in your life who can offer assistance
• Learn about resources in your community
• Learn about print and electronic resources
*
The Decision-Making Model
• You must be a critical thinker and problem solver
Practicing Decision-Making Skills
*
6 steps designed to protect your rights, health, and selfrespect while representing the rights, health, and selfrespect of others:
•
•
•
•
•
•
State the Situation
List the Possible Options
Weight the Possible Outcomes
Consider Your Values
Make a Decision and Take Action
Evaluate Your decision
*
The more you practice something, the better you
will become at it.
Think about something you have done in your own
life that first started as a failure or complete
disaster. Now think about how much better you
are at that same skill!
*
A goal is something you aim for that takes planning and
work.
A goal involves planning, which means you need time.
Short-term goals are something you can accomplish in 5
minutes or within 30 days
Long-term goals may take months or even years to achieve
A long-term goal often includes short-term goals
*
An action plan is a multi-step strategy for identifying and
achieving goals.
Goals for Life- What are your personal goals today? Right
Now?
• Make sure your goals will not negatively impact health
• It should be respectful
• It should help you grow, not beat someone
• Failure is meant to help you reset goals
*
Select a goal to work on
List what you will do to reach the goal
Identify sources of help and support
Set a reasonable time frame for reaching
your goal
• Establish checkpoints to evaluate your
progress
• Reward yourself after reaching your goal
•
•
•
•
*
Mental health is generally having a positive
outlook, being comfortable with yourself and
others, and being able to meet life’s
challenges and demands.
• Realistic about their strengths and weaknesses
• Responsible for their personal behavior
• Avoid high-risk behaviors, such as using tobacco, alcohol,
or other drugs
• Open-minded and flexible
• Fun-loving and able to relax alone or with others
• Respect both their own and others’ needs
• Respect everyone’s value as a human being-including you
• Express their emotion in ways that do not hurt
themselves or others
• Invest time & energy into nourishing relationships
• Put their talents and abilities to good use
• View change as a challenge and opportunity
*
• All-or-Nothing thinking
• Expecting the “worst” in others or yourself
• Being a perfectionist
• Letting your actions or words betray your values
*
• List your assets or strengths
• Surround yourself with positive, supportive
people
• Find something that you love to do, and do it
frequently
• Stop making life a contest
• Help someone else
*
• The Role of Positive & Negative Feedback
• Self-Talk
*
Feedback are messages from others that indicate who
they think you are or what they think you are like.
Starts when you are a baby
By the time you start high school the feedback plays a
role in how you perceive yourself
*
Negative self-talk is hurtful or non-constructive
message that you send yourself
Replace any negative self-talk with constructive
feedback
Mistakes are a way of life- it’s how we learn and
get better!
*
Abraham Maslow’s hierarchy of needs is a ranked list of
those needs essential to human growth and
development presented in ascending order from the
most basic to the most fulfilling or satisfying.
*
• At the bottom
• Satisfy hunger, thirst, sleep…
*
• The need to be loved
• The need to belong
• The need to be valued and recognized
*
Aesthetic, or artistic.
• We need to understand and appreciate the different
forms of beauty
• Also implies the need for balance and order in our lives
• Balance and order can affect our behavior and mental
health
*
Self-actualization is striving to become the best that you
can be
• Having goals that motivate and inspire you
• Is a lifelong process
• Not all your needs can be met all of the time
*
Personality is a complete set of characteristics that make
you unique and sets you apart from everyone else.
Includes your emotional makeup, attitude, thoughts,
behaviors, and more
Psychologists are professionals with doctoral degrees who
diagnose and treat emotional and behavioral disorders.
• View personality as one window on a person’s mental
health
*
• Personality and Heredity
• Personality and Environment
• Personality and Personal Behavior
*
• You inherit physical traits- hair and eye color, shape
of your nose and ears, body type and height
• You inherit intellectual abilities and well as
temperament
*
Environment includes your surroundings, your family,
friends, neighborhood, and all other places, and people you
experience
Modeling means copying the behaviors of those you are
exposed to
*
• You have the most control over your personal
behavior and how it influences your personality
• How you make decisions
• What decisions you make
• Actions you take
*
Emotions are signals that tell your mind and body how to
react
• Are neither good or bad. Simply the way you respond to
input from outside your body
Emotions of fear
Emotions of joy
Emotions of anger
Fight or Flight
Need to learn how to deal with your emotions
*
• Love
• Empathy
•
• Fear
• Anger
• Guilt
*
Involves strong affection, deep concern, and respect
It comes in many forms
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=pBHo_FVBM5o&feature=player_detailpage
*
Empathy the ability to imagine and understand how
someone else is feeling
Better able to help others in need
Can offer insight and understanding
Need to experience this with balance
*
Sympathetic nervous system creates a fight of flight
scenario in your body
Your body prepares for necessary action- increased blood
flow, heart rate, breathing
Phobias are irrational fears
*
Need to keep it in check and determine how you are
going to respond to it as it happens
Hostility is the intentional use of unfriendly or nasty
behavior
Can be damaging to you and the person you are hostile
toward
*
Is an emotional response when you think you have done
something wrong
Guilt can be associated with low self-esteem
May choose to feel guilt over attempting to do something
out of fear of failing
*
Strong emotions are common during the teen years
Thank you hormones!
Remember you are not alone
*
• It is never too late to learn new, healthful ways to express
your emotions
• Look below your emotion
• Will it matter tomorrow?
• Investigate-don’t jump in and regret later
• These are feelings-not fact
• Listen to the emotion, may be a signal of danger
• Use positive feelings to inspire you
• Remember you are not alone
• Seek help if you need to and don’t be ashamed!
*
• Defense Mechanisms
• Handling Fear
• Managing Anger
• Dealing with Guilt
*
Defense mechanisms are strategies used to deal with
strong or stressful emotions and situations.
Keep you from facing and dealing with the trouble
Common defense mechanisms:
Repression, Suppression, Rationalization, Regression,
Denial, Compensation, Projection, and Idealization
*
• Identify your fear
• Confide in someone you trust for a fresh perspective
• Find a constructive way to decrease the fear
• Find a resource you can turn to
*
Manage your anger by recognizing your feelings and if
possible, identify the source of those feelings.
Diffuse your anger so you don’t act on impulse and regret it
later
How can you diffuse anger?
*
• Can be one of the most destructive emotions
• Find the source
• Avoid what causes you guilt
*
• Your outlook on life- are you a pessimist or optimist?
• Resiliency
• the ability to adapt effectively and recover from
disappointment, difficulty, or crisis.
• Resilient people are able to bounce back quicker,
show an ability to survive and thrive, and don’t easily
get overwhelmed
• They face the challenge head-on
*
Stress is the body’s and mind’s reaction to everyday
demands or threats.
Stress is part of your daily life. The stress may be
minor, or play a big impact on your well-being
Stress can be good or bad
*
Distress, or negative stress
Eustress, positive stress
Acceptable levels of stress may even help you focus and
concentrate better
*
• Biological stressors
• Environmental stressors
• Cognitive or thinking stressors
• Personal behavior stressors
• Life situations
*
The nervous system and endocrine system are active in
your body’s response to stressors
Your response is often involuntary, or automatic
• Alarm
• Resistance
• Fatigue
*
Alarm is the first stage in the stress response, when the
body and mind go on high alert.
Adrenaline is the “emergency hormone” secreted by the
adrenal glands to prepare the body to respond to a
stressor.
The autonomic nervous system controls involuntary actions
is activated by the pituitary gland
The heart speeds up, more blood is sent to the brain,
breathing increases, etc.
*
Resistance is the second stage in the stress response,
when the body tries to repair its damage from the
stressful event and return to its normal state.
Physical resistance reaches its peak. May be able to
accomplish incredible feats of strength because it
functions at a higher-than-normal level.
If at this level for too long, the body and mind will start
to have problems.
*
Fatigue is the third stage of the stress response, resulting
in a tired feeling that lowers one’s level of activity
If stressed out for long periods of time the body and mind
get worn down.
Physical- lactic acid from the muscles and carbon dioxide
from cells
Pathological-tiredness brought on by the body’s defenses in
fighting diseases, poor nutrition, anemia, the flu…
Psychological- constant worry, overwork, depression,
boredom, isolation
*
Neurotransmitters are brain chemicals that can be impacted
and cause sleep disturbances, panic attacks, and low
enjoyment.
Stress tolerance is the amount of stress that you can handle
before you reach a state of too much stress
*
Type A is a competitive, high-achieving personality type
most likely to develop heart disease
Type B a “laid back,” non-competitive personality type less
likely to suffer from heart disease
Type A personalities relieve stress with work and Type B
personalities tend to hold on to stress
*
Hard personality is a personality type that seems able to
stay healthy despite major or even traumatic stressors
have a higher degree of resilience
Change- likes and welcome change
Commitment- has a strong sense of purpose
Control- sense of power about his or her feelings
Learning what stressors are common to adolescents can
help you cope
Share feelings of stress with your peers can help
*
• Stress & High Blood Pressure
• Stress & Headache
• Stress & Asthma
• Stress & Immune Response
• Psychosomatic Response to Stress
*
• Mental & emotional stress can create an in cholesterol
levels
• Cholesterol is a fatty substance that blocks arteries
• If too high, BP goes up and then puts you at risk for
heart disease and stroke
*
• Most adults and half of teens experience HA
• Many are related to tension- muscles in neck and head
contract
• Can also be caused by hormone changes, food
additives, fluorescent lights, change in air pressure,
etc.
• As arteries open up, the nerve endings press into
artery walls, causing severe throbbing, possible loss of
balance, and mood changes
*
• Asthma has many
triggers and causes,
including stress
• The bronchioles
constrict, and there is
less air getting into the
lungs
*
• Can impact your immune system so you are unable to
fight disease as well
• More prone to colds, flus, or cancers
• Add in tobacco or alcohol use and you put yourself at
high risk for serious problems
*
Psychosomatic response is a physical disorder that
results from stress rather than from an injury or illness.
• Psycho- means “of the mind”
• Somatic- means “of the body”
• May be minor or severe
• Sleep disorders, skin disorders, stomachaches,
digestive problems, and headaches
*
*
• A first step in stress
management is
identifying the source
of the stress
*
1st step is to eliminate the stressor
2nd step is to change the way you perceive ore react to
the stressor
Physical activity is one technique for handling stress
•
•
•
•
Planning
Rechanneling energy
Relaxing
Laughing
*
• Decide in advance
• what you want
• what you need
• what is expected
• Planning adds confidence
• Better able to deal with changes, disappointment,
frustrations, or delays when they happen.
*
• Set and prioritize goals
• Budget your time
• Learn to say no
• Slow down
*
Rechanneling means transferring or redirecting your
energies
• Turn negative energy into positive actions and
thoughts.
*
The relaxation response is a state of deep rest that can be
reached if one or more relaxation techniques are
practiced regularly
• Take time to rest, enjoy yourself, and simply be
• Deep breathing, thinking pleasant thoughts, repetitive
exercise, and stretching
*
A support group, an informal or formal gathering of
people who meet and share experiences, feelings, and
trust
• Support can help you to deal with the stressors
• Parents, teachers, coaches, siblings, close friends,
clergy, neighbors, or peer helpers
*
Time management skills are specific strategies for
planning and using time in effective, healthful ways
Priorities are those goals, tasks, or activities that you
judge as more important to do than others
• With priorities you determine order and ranking based
on most important or necessary
*
• Any loss or change can be stressful and may feel minor
or major
• Does not have to have a dollar value to be important
• Sometimes an emotional attachment to an object,
situation, pet, or person can make its loss even more
painful
*
Stage 1: Denial
Stage 2: Anger
Stage 3: Bargaining
Stage 4: Depression
Stage 5: Acceptance
*
A grief reaction is an individual’s total response to a
major loss
Can take many forms and stages
Hope operates through all five stages
Denial- Cannot believe the loss has occurred
Anger- “Why me?” and the person may be critical,
demanding, or uncooperative
Bargaining- Promise to change if there is a different
outcome
Depression- often marked by silence and withdrawal. A
deep sense of quiet sadness
Acceptance- there is a sense of power, facing reality in
constructive ways
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
Be available
Be a good listener
Avoid making suggestions
Be patient
Share fond memories
Respect the person’s grieving process
Write a note
*
Closure is coming to an end of the most intense parts of
the grieving process
• The person may need to “relive” the events over and
over
*
Delayed grief response, a putting off of the most intense
stages of grief
• Some are so traumatized that they feel paralyzed and
stop coping altogether
• Seeking a counselor may prove helpful
*
A mental disorder is an illness of the mind that can affect
the thoughts, feelings, and behaviors of a person,
preventing him or her from leading a happy, healthful,
and productive life.
• An Organic disorder is one that is clearly caused by a
physical illness or injury that affects the brain.
• Brain tumors, alcoholism, infections
• A functional disorder may occur as the result of
psychological causes in which no clear brain damage is
involved.
• Stress, emotional conflict, fear, or poor coping skills
• Result from chemical imbalances in the brain
• Anxiety Disorder
• Somatoform Disorders
• Affective Disorders
• Personality Disorders
*
An anxiety disorder is an illness in which real, imagined, or
persistent fears prevent a person from enjoying life.
continuous, chronic anxiety
•
•
•
•
•
Phobias
Obsessive-Compulsive Disorder
Panic Disorder
Panic Disorder
Post-Traumatic Stress Disorder
*
• A person goes to extreme measures to avoid the fearproducing object or activity
• A person may be unable to carry out daily activities
• Possibly related to some past experience that was
upsetting
*
• A person is trapped in a pattern of repeated behaviors or
thoughts.
• Obsessions are persistent, recurrent, unwanted thoughts
or ideas that keep people from thinking of other things
• Compulsions are urgent, repeated, irresistible behaviors
*
• When fear or anxiety prevails and gets in the way of
every day life.
• The person may feel anxious, fearful, and upset
• “panic attacks”
• Trembling, heart racing, shortness of breath, dizziness,
or a fear of losing control
• There are certain triggers that cause it
*
• A person has experienced or witnessed a traumatic
event
• Has severe and long-lasting aftereffects
• Common in military and rape survivors, natural
disaster survivors
• Flashbacks, feelings of guilt, nightmares, emotional
numbness, dreams, extreme reactin
*
Somatoform Disorders describes an illness in which a
person complains of disease symptoms, but no physical
cause can be found.
Hypochondria- a preoccupation with the body and fear of
presumed diseases that are not present.
*
Affective disorder, a mood disorder, is an illness with an
organic cause that relates to emotions and may involve
mood swings extremes that interfere with everyday living.
• Long and severe mood swings that can lead to extreme
behaviors
*
Clinical Depression
• Feelings of sadness, hopelessness, or despair for more
than a few weeks
• Can affect your ability to concentrate, sleep, perform
at school or work, or handle everyday challenges.
• Often runs in families and can be biologically based or
caused by an accumulation of trauma or stressors
*
Bipolar Disorder
• Is a psychological illness characterized by extreme
mood swings between depression and extreme
happiness, or mania.
• During manic periods you may feel extremely happy or
energetic
• Often the “high” ends abruptly and a deep depression
sets in.
• Between periods you may behave normally.
*
Personality disorders include a variety or psychological
conditions that affect a person’s ability to get along with
others.
• Often at odds with others and do not see their part in the
problem
• No apparent distinct signs or symptoms
• May be harmful to the person on those around them
*
• Antisocial Personality Disorder
• Passive-Aggressive Personality Disorder
• Schizophrenia
*
• Characterized by a person’s constant conflict with
society
• Cruel, uncaring, irresponsible, and impulsive
• Can distinguish between right and wrong but doesn’t
care about others’ feelings or society’s rules
*
• Are often uncooperative with others
• Resent being told what to do, yet rely on others’
direction
• May act out indirectly
*
• A serious mental disorder meaning “split mind”
• Affects 1-2% of population
• Most common in ages 15-35
• May behave inappropriately, exhibit abnormal emotional
responses, or no emotional responses
• Others hallucinate, hear voices, talk to themselves, act
in an odd manner, or neglect themselves
• Causes may be from a physical disorder or genetic in
nature
*
Depression, feelings of helplessness, hopelessness, and
sadness.
• Life can be overwhelming, especially during the teen
years
• Can be further complicated by troubling life events
• You can feel alienation and complete despair
*
Suicide and suicidal behavior are not normal responses to
stresses experienced by most people.
High risk youth are often depressed, isolated, and angry
Over 50% of suicidal teens are considered depressed
Other risk factors include abuse, violence, or other type of
abuse, prior suicide attempts, firearms in house, jail time,
etc…
*
Recognizing signs can mean the difference between life and
death.
Verbal Signs:
• direct statements, indirect statements, or poems,
song lyrics, diary entries about death.
Nonverbal/Behavioral Signs:
• depression/hopelessness
• lack of energy/zest for life
• violent actions
• extreme sensitivity
• personality changes
*
Most suicide thoughts are temporary, death is permanent
Helping Others:
• Show you care
• Take any potential suicide seriously. Actively listen, be
empathetic
• Stress the temporary nature of the problem. There is
professional help available
• Make it clear you understand their plan, but emphasize
that suicide is not the option
• Ask the person if they have a specific plan
• Suggest they talk to a parent, or other trusted adult
• Do not agree to “keep a secret.”
*
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
State the situation
List the options
Weight the possible outcomes
Consider your values
Make a decision and act
Evaluate the decision
*
Cluster suicides or rash of suicides occurring within a
short space of time and involving several people in the
same school or community
• oral or written agreements/pacts
• guilt felt by the survivor is intolerable if the pact fails
*
Recognizing early warning signs of mental disorders is one
key to getting them help:
• Prolonged sadness for no specific reason
• Hopelessness- sensing life is out of control
• Violent or erratic mood shifts
• Inability to concentrate or make decisions about every
day life
• Fear, anxiety, or anger at the world
• Severe sleep disturbances
• Compulsive behaviors such as repeated handwashing
• Self-destructive behaviors
• Frequent physical ailments with medical cause
*
A psychiatrist is a medical doctor who specializes in
diagnosing and treating mental disorders and can prescribe
medications
Deals with mental, emotional, and behavioral disorders of
the mind
Uses many techniques:
Psychotherapy- ongoing dialogue
Psychoanalysis- analysis of patient’s past
Medical Psychotherapy- uses meds in conjunction
w/or as preparation for above two treatments
*
Neurologist or physician who specializes in organic
disorders of the brain and nervous system.
Clinical Psychologist is a psychologist who diagnoses and
treats emotional and behavioral disorders by cannot
prescribe medications.
*
Counselors- there are many kinds of counselors who
help in personal and educational matters.
Psychiatric Social Worker- is one who has concentrated
on psychiatric casework, doing fieldwork in a mental
hospital, mental health clinic, or family service agency
that provides guidance and treatment for clients with
emotional problems
*
• Many are now seeking professional help
• Many are working hard to change the situation
• If you or know someone who has a mental problem,
you no longer have to suffer in silence
• Get the support and help you need
*