Transcript Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder

Attention Deficit Hyperactivity
Disorder
Attention Deficit
Hyperactivity Disorder
• Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder
(ADHD) is a disorder involving
inattentiveness and hyperactivity-impulsivity.
• ADHD is diagnosed when it’s out of the
normal range for a child’s age and
development.
Associated Features
• Some of the symptoms of ADHD are divided into
inattentiveness, hyperactivity, and impulsivity.
• The symptoms can be combined to create ADHD.
★Inattentive:
• Fails to follow instructions
• It is easily distracted
• Has difficulty organizing tasks.
Symptoms …
★ Hyperactivity :
• Fidgets hands and feet or squirms in seat
• Leaves seat when expected to be seated
• Runs around at in appropriate time
• Can not play quietly
• Talks excessively & can not be calmed down
…
★Impulsivity :
• Blurts out answers before the full question is
asked
• Can not wait for his/her turn.
• Interrupts or intrude on others.
DSM-IV-TR
A. 6 or more of the following symptoms of inattention have been presented for at least 6 months to a point that is disruptive and inappropriate for the child’s
development level.

Inattentive
1.
Often does not give close attention to details or makes careless mistakes at school
2.
Often has trouble keeping attention on task
3.
Often does not seem to listen when spoken directly
4.
Often does not follow instructions and fails to finish work
5.
Has trouble organizing tasks/activities
6.
Often avoids or does not want to do things that take a lot of mental effort for a long time
7.
Often looses things
8.
Is distracted easily
9.
Forgets things often in daily activities
DSM-IV-TR
B. Six or more of the following symptoms:
•
Hyperactivity
Hyperactivity impulsivity have been present for atleast 6 months
that is disruptive and inappropriate for development level:
1.
Often fidgets w/ hands or feet or squirms in seat
2.
Often gets up from seat
3. Often runs around in innappropriate time
4. Has trouble playing quietly
5. Often “on the go”
6. talks excessively
•
Impulsivity
1. Often blurts out answers on unfinish questions
2. Has trouble waiting one’s turn
3.Interrupts and intrudes on others
Symptoms are presented before the age of 17. it must
have clear evidence in school,social/at work
…
3 types of ADHD are identified:
1. ADHD combined type: 1A & 1B for the past 6
months
2. ADHD Predominantly Inattentive Type: 1A is met
but 1B is not met for the past 6 months
3. ADHD Predominantly Hyperactive-Impulsive Type:
1 B is met but 1A is not met for the past 6 months.
Etiology
 The exact cause of ADHD is unknown.
 In some tests researchers have found possible link
between ADHD and the brain structure and affect
attention and impulsive control .
 It may be possible but not confirmed that ADHD
can be inherited from parents in other words from
genetics and even environmental influences.
It is common (higher risk) for a child to have ADHD
if the mother used cigarettes or alcohol during
pregnancy.
High levels of lead from old buildings or water from
old pipes can increase the risk for a child to get the
disorder.
Prevalence
Both girls and boys can be diagnosed with ADHD
but boys are at much higher risk.
It is found that 2 to 3 times more boys have the
disorder than girls.
Treatment
It can be treated with
psychological therapy and with
appropriate target goals.
Medication is prescribed and
behavior therapy is given.
Information is gathered from
the parents, teachers, and the
child.
Medications Prescribed
Some of the medications are:
•
Amphetaminedextroamphetamine (Adderall)
•
Dexmethylphenidate (Focalin)
•
Dextroamphetamine
(Dexedrine, Dextrostat)
•
Lisdexamfetamine (Vyvanse)
•
Methylphenidate (Ritalin,
Concerta, Metadate,
Daytranci)
Prognosis
Researchers estimate that about 30 to 65% of
children with ADHD will continue to have the
disorder as an adult.
Children with ADHD all the way to adulthood
have between 12% - 23% of socialization problems.
Patients who take medication to treat ADHD have
twice the chance not to use drugs and alcohol.
Reference
American Academy of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry (AACAP) (July 2002). ADHD - A Guide for
Families. http://www.aacap.org/cs/adhd_a_guide_for_families/how_common_is_adhd
American Psyohiatric Association: Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorder,Fourth
Edition,Text Revision,Washington DC . 2000 http://www.ritalindeath.com/ADHD-Criteria.htm
Halgin, R.P. , White Bournes. K. (2005). Abnormal psychology: Clinical perspective on psychological
disorders. New York. NY. Mc Graw Hill.
Joaquin Mendoza. 2011. Camera recording. Home Video, 2011.
Myers, D. G. (2011) Myer’s psychology for ap. New York, NY: Worth Publishers.
WebMD(May 6, 2011). Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD) (Cont). MedicineNet.com
http://www.medicinenet.com/attention_deficit_hyperactivity_disorder_adhd/page8.htm.
Discussion Question
How does ADHD affect society ?
What can it do to make this disorder less
common (decrease risk) ?